The gender empowerment of communities and individuals in Ein Qinia village / Ramallah on the acceptance of wastewater treatment projects and treated wastewater reuse was studied. The gender acceptance was determined through whether or not trained focused women groups in treated wastewater reuse could be increased in reusing the treated wastewater in agricultural activities. Women showed a high ...

background: contamination of water by toxic chemicals has become commonly recognized as an environmental concern. based on our clinical observation in mashhad, northeastern iran, many people might be at risk of exposure to high concentrations of toxic heavy metals in water. because wastewater effluents as well as water wells have been commonly used for irrigation over the past decades, there ha...

Increasing water stress and growing urbanization force a greater number of people to use wastewater as an alternative water supply, especially for irrigation. Although wastewater irrigation in agriculture has a long history and substantial benefits, without adequate treatment and protective measures on farms and in markets, use of wastewater poses risks to human health and the environment. Agai...

Around the world every day, large amounts of wastewater are treated before release, to avoid impacts on humans and the environment. The treatment requires resources in the form of energy and chemicals, and it generates large amounts of sewage sludge, however, it can also serve as a source of energy, nutrients and carbon. These valuable resources can be recovered in many ways, including in the f...

Phosphorus is an essential element for every living organism, but when it exceeds certain limit in water bodies, it will cause serious environmental issues, such as eutrophication. P accumulation in water bodies can be caused by non-point sources, such as agriculture land runoff, as well as from point sources such as wastewater effluent discharges. In order to avoid eutrophication of water bodi...

Nitrogen and chlorophyll-a concentrations in estuarine systems often correlate positively with increased nitrogen input. To determine the interactions between nitrogen load, physical drivers, and water quality indicators, we estimated nitrogen inputs to 28 estuaries within the Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (USA) watershed from 1985 to 2013. Estimates were derived by combining parcel specific wast...

flocculation processes during estuarine mixing can reduce the elemental concentrations of river water. in the present investigation, natural flocculation processes concept is used to reduce the elemental contents of industrial wastewater. for this purpose, various amounts of saline water were added to an artificial industrial wastewater with known concentrations of heavy metals. the results of ...