We present a bottom-up assembly route for a large-scale organization of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) into three-dimensional (3D) modular assemblies with core/satellite structure. The protein-assisted assembly of small spherical gold or silver NPs with a hydrophilic protein shell (as satellites) onto larger metal NPs (as cores) offers high modularity in sizes and composition at high satellite c...

Derivation of geophysical parameters from satellite measured brightness-temperature (TB) is an important aspect of satellite remote sensing. Primarily, this involves development of complex inversion algorithms and empirical relations comprising TB and in situ data for parameter retrieval and algorithm validation. In the present work, an Artificial Neural Network model has been attempted to simu...

If an attempt is made to produce an artificial aurora by ejecting a beam of electrons from a satellite, the experiment will be jeopardized if the satellite potential becomes so high as to prevent the escape of the beam electrons. The buildup of potential depends on the current collection properties of the satellite. The theoretical problem considered is that of the collection of electrons by a ...

The definition of centromeres of human chromosomes requires a complete genomic understanding of these regions. Toward this end, we report integration of physical mapping, genetic, and functional approaches, together with sequencing of selected regions, to define the centromere of the human X chromosome and to explore the evolution of sequences responsible for chromosome segregation. The transit...

Artificial lights raise night sky luminance, creating the most visible effect of light pollution-artificial skyglow. Despite the increasing interest among scientists in fields such as ecology, astronomy, health care, and land-use planning, light pollution lacks a current quantification of its magnitude on a global scale. To overcome this, we present the world atlas of artificial sky luminance, ...

We present a method to map the artificial sky brightness across large territories in astronomical photometric bands with a resolution of approximately 1 km. This is useful to quantify the situation of night sky pollution, to recognize potential astronomical sites and to allow future monitoring of trends. The artificial sky brightness present in the chosen direction at a given position on the Ea...

Assessing and monitoring rangelands in arid regions are important and essential tasks in order to manage the desired regions. Nowadays, satellite images are used as an approximately economical and fast way to study the vegetation in a variety of scales. This research aims to estimate the coverage percent using the digital data given by ETM+ Landsat satellite. In late May and early Ju...

Continuous monitoring of naval activities of vast areas, hundreds of nautical miles away from shoreline, is one of todays most challenging problems. To enable total maritime awareness in these areas, the use of satellite-based sensors is an efficient and cost-effective way to perform this task. The KINGFISHER (Figure 1) is a maritime multi-layer intelligence system created for an in-depth analy...

The importance of satellite datasets as alternative sources of precipitation information has been argued in numerous studies. Future developments in satellite precipitation algorithms as well as utilization of satellite data in operational applications rely on a more in-depth understanding of satellite errors and biases across different spatial and temporal scales. This paper investigates the c...

Surface global solar radiation (GSR) is the primary renewable energy in nature. Geostationary satellite data are used to map GSR in many inversion algorithms in which ground GSR measurements merely serve to validate the satellite retrievals. In this study, a simple algorithm with artificial neural network (ANN) modeling is proposed to explore the non-linear physical relationship between ground ...