In this chapter we explore how people build new theories in the context of collaborative scientific thinking. As illustrated by many of the chapters in this volume, our default notion of “scientific thinking” has changed from that of the lone scientist or student toiling away on a magnum opus or in the laboratory, to that of people working as part of collaborative groups who negotiate goals for...

Earthquake Alarm Systems, or ElarmS, is a network-based earthquake early warning (EEW) system developed in California. This dissertation concerns the transition of ElarmS from research prototype to production-grade code. We test ElarmS' performance for large earthquakes with an extensive dataset of large events from Japan. Using the Japanese dataset and results, we develop a statistical error m...

ground vibrations during an earthquake can severely damage structures and equipments housed in them. many factors including earthquake magnitude, distance from the fault or epicenter, duration of strong shaking, soil condition of the site, and the frequency content of the motion define the properties of ground motion and its amplification. a deep understanding of the effects of these factors on...

SUMMARY In 1906, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated between Mw 8.4 and 8.8 occurred in the subduction zone along coast of Ecuador Colombia. This caused extensive damage on but had rather small impact capital city Quito, situated 180 km away. At that time, Quito extended over area few thousand inhabitants, while today it stretches 40 has population 3 million, most built without paraseismic...

Since ancient times, people have tried to predict earthquakes using simple perceptions such as animal behavior. The prediction of the time and strength an earthquake is primary concern. In this study chaotic signal modeling used based on noise detecting anomalies before artificial neural networks (ANNs). Artificial are efficient tools for solving complex problems identification. study, effectiv...

After an earthquake, disaster sites pose a multitude of health and safety concerns. A rescue operation of people trapped in the ruins after an earthquake disaster requires a series of intelligent behavior, including planning. For a successful rescue operation, given a limited number of available actions and regulations, the role of planning in rescue operations is crucial. Fortunately, recent d...

We present a velocity model inversion approach using artificial neural networks (NN). We selected four aftershocks from the 2000 Tottori, Japan, earthquake located around station SMNH01 in order to determine a 1D nearby underground velocity model. An NN was trained independently for each earthquake-station profile. We generated many velocity models and computed their corresponding synthetic wav...