background: the pathogenesis of many diseases is correlated to irregularity in vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression. results from several association studies show that variation in the level of vegf expression is related to polymorphic sequences within the vegf gene. additionally, there are many studies showing that some gene polymorphisms significantly influence the pharmacokin...

Most of the supports for enzymeimmobilization are artificial materials, and chemical reactions are also required to immobilize the enzymes in most cases.1] These support materials and chemicals for immobilization must not be allowed to contaminate final products, especially foods or drugs. The requirements to achieve this are tedious, costly, and may have the wrong effects on enzyme activities....

background: tramadol narcotic drugs or epoxied artificial categories is weaker than morphine and stronger than ibuprofen and acetaminophen drug. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral tramadol on some liver enzymes in the rat. materials and methods: in this study, 60 male wistar rats were randomized into three groups (one control group, and experimental groups of 1, and 2)....

pathological physiology and pharmacology of cough can be obtained by reading Bucher's article (1). The methods hitherto used for inducing cough are chemical stimulation (2-5), electrical stimulation (6-8) or mechanical stimulation (9, 10). The present authors have devised a new method for recording artificial cough induced by electrical stimulation of a dog's tracheal mucosa, and the effects of...

Many carboxylic molecules, ranging from drugs to flavors and fragrances, contain chiral centers. As a consequence, research has been carried out in order to design and synthesize artificial receptors for carboxylic anions. Many problems have to be solved for binding anions. The results obtained in the binding of carboxylic anions by guanidine, secondary ammonium and metal-center have been selec...

separation of ten sedative- hypnotic drugs was performed by rp-hplc using mixed micellar mobile phase. effect of temperature, type and amount of organic modifier in mobile phase on efficiency (n) and asymmetry factor (b/a) showed that, the appropriate conditions for a good separation were 35°c and 7% (v/v) butanol in mobile phase.  variations of selectivity factor versus butanol concentration, ...

malpractice in preparation and administration of intravenous (iv) medications has been reported frequently. inadequate knowledge of nurses has been reported as a cause of such errors. we aimed to evaluate the role of nurses' education via installation of wall posters and giving informative pamphlets in reducing the errors in preparation and administration of intravenous drugs in 2 wards (icu an...

background awareness of pharmacists about counterfeit drugs is necessary for health improvement in community. the purpose of the present study is to assess the knowledge and measure the professional attitude and practice of iranian pharmacist about counterfeit drugs. in august 2008, a knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) study was performed in a national sample of 794 pharmacists who particip...

in the course of an evaluation of various schistosomicidal drugs in iran, the effect of an organo-phosphorus compound in the-treatment of 45 mild cases of urinary bilhariziasis was assessed and the drug was given in 3 doses of 10 mg/kg body weight each with 3-week intervals. follow-up examinations undertaken 3 weeks after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses as well as 3 months after completion of therap...