abstract purpose: this research aims at examining the university librarians’ viewpoints about digital reference services at state universities of isfahan based on ifla 2008 standards. methodology: the research method is descriptive survey study. the study population consists of university librarians of state universities in isfahan. after determining the variance, the sample was estimated 113 a...

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This chapter first presents a review of existing locomotion assistance devices for the blind. These devices are merely proximeters, that measure the distance to the closest obstacles, and convey this information to their users. We introduce the measurement methods (infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, laser telemeters) and the user interfaces (sounds and tactile vibrations). Then, we analyse t...

the production, distribution, and consumption of information are the most important development indices of any nation. plenty of opportunities were created by e-learning which have overall paved the grounds for and enriched the presentation of learning materials through advanced audiovisual educational facilities. such learning environments are by and large flexible and provide more appropriate...

Green Marketing is becoming a buzz for the society nowadays and people start shifting their demands towards a product which is related towards environmental safeguard. Nowadays companies from different industries sectors are showing their keen interest and taking various initiatives towards green marking. Electronic products having eco safeguard and are less detrimental to the environment are l...

recent growth and developments in internet and electronic services play a significant role in banking industry all over the world especially in iran. it caused an intensive competition between governmental and non- governmental banks in the field of using e-banking services in a way that each bank attempts to attract more customers using high-quality e-services. ways of delivering services, qua...

Many years ago, longer than I may care to admit, I had to take my Board Exam in Pulmonary Medicine. I decided to prepare for the exam by reading a reference textbook cover-to-cover. Because Dr Gerald Baum had been one of my favorite teachers while I was a medical student in Cleveland, I naturally felt inclined towards an earlier edition of Baum’s Textbook of Pulmonary Medicine. It was a most fo...

the purpose of this study is to identify challenges of digital resources in academic libraries of kerman province. research methodology is descriptive- survey, a questionnaire is used for gathering data. research sample includes 41 librarians of kerman libraries and their managers. results show that economic challenges, in order, are:  infrastructures and equipment purchasing, printed and digit...