This study aimed to ascertain the validity of Phillips Curve in six countries Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone within West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). The utilised panel data from these varying 2000 2021, which were obtained World Bank database. analysed using Panel unit root test, Johansen Fisher (JFP) co-integration Pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin (PDHP) Causality Tests,...

Abstract This study examines the symmetric and asymmetric impact of public debt on economic growth in Côte d'Ivoire using time series data from 1972 to 2021. The analyses were performed both linear nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models. also utilised bounds F-test for cointegration, Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) nonlinearity test, Wald test asymmetries. findings provide suppor...

Distance bounding protocols are used by nodes in wireless networks for the crucial purpose of estimating their distances to other nodes. This typically involves sending a request by one node to another node, receiving a response, and then calculating an upper bound on the distance by multiplying the round-trip time with the velocity of the signal. However, dishonest nodes in the network can tur...

The human capital school of thought considers education in primary and secondary as the foundation for development that promotes economic growth. Persuaded by an empiricist paradigm this study used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing analysis was conducted to examine short long run relationship between growth South Africa. Economic growth, data from 2002 2018 used. diagnostic t...

One of the most important aspects in interactive virtual environment applications is maintaining interactive frame rates while providing realistic and believable experience. Due to this fact, collision detection for interactive virtual environment applications acts as an important part of the system. However, due to its computationally intensive nature, collision detection can become a bottlene...

The algorithm proposed in [Mitsos Optimization 2011] for the global optimization of semi-infinite programs is extended to the global optimization of generalized semi-infinite programs (GSIP). No convexity or concavity assumptions are made. The algorithm employs convergent lower and upper bounds which are based on regular (in general nonconvex) nonlinear programs (NLP) solved by a (black-box) de...

Every major event on a national or global scale influences the environment, and scientists are always looking for new solutions to decrease ecological destruction. Throughout preceding decade, professionals offered executed policy ideas energy adaptation integration, such as use of renewable energy. Between 1980 2021, study looks at relationship between environmental innovation, efficiency, ins...