Computer security competitions and challenges are a way to foster innovation and educate students in a highly-motivating setting. In recent years, a number of different security competitions and challenges were carried out, each with different characteristics, configurations, and goals. From 2003 to 2007, we carried out a number of live security exercises involving dozens of universities from a...

BACKGROUND Trauma is an inescapable part of sports competitions. It occurs more frequently in contact sports such as wrestling. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of injury in Greco-Roman style wrestling competitions at national level. PATIENTS AND METHODS This descriptive epidemiological research included 50 Greco-Roman style wrestlers who participated in n...

This paper presents a World Wide Web-based infrastructure for cooperation between many different parties. The infrastructure is designed for Web-based competitions involving an editorial board, designers of assignments or events, evaluators, different organizational layers, and contestants. Web-CS is entirely Web-based: all the communication between the cooperating parties is achieved through c...

This paper compares and contrasts two recent series of competitions in which multiple agents compete directly against one another: the robot soccer world cup (RoboCup) and the trading agent competition (TAC). Both of these competitions have attracted large numbers of competitors and have motivated important research results in arti cial intelligence. Based on extensive personal experiences, bot...

We show how Item Response Theory (IRT) can be used to define a new type of rating system, one that is especially suitable for programming competitions (and other types of competitions where difficulty of competitions varies between rounds). We show some useful theoretical properties of this rating system, including the ability to argue about hardness of past competition tasks, and about the pre...

The planning competition has traditionally played an important role in motivating research and advances in Planning & Scheduling techniques. Despite its pivotal role in the planning community, some aspects of the competition have not been engineered yet. This is the case for the protocol for selecting benchmark instances. Benchmarks are of critical importance, since they can significantly affec...

It is well documented that competition can affect performance and emotion in sport. However, our understanding of the comparative effects of individual and team competitions on performance and emotion is limited. We also know little about emotion-based mechanisms underlying the effects of different types of competition on performance. To address these issues, 64 participants completed a handgri...

The RoboCup rescue simulation competitions have been held since 2001. The experience gained during these competitions has supported the development of multi-agent and robotics based solution for disaster mitigation. The league consists of three distinct competitions. These competitions are the agent competition, the virtual robots competition, and the infrastructure competition. The main goal o...

Consider a sports competition among various teams playing against each other in pairs (matches) according to a previously determined schedule. At some stage of the competition one may ask whether a particular team still has a (theoretical) chance to win the competition. The computational complexity of this question depends on the way scores are allocated according to the outcome of a match. For...

It is well known that cheating occurs in sports. In cup competitions, a common type of sports competition, one method of cheating is in manipulating the seeding to unfairly advantage a particular team. Previous empirical and theoretical studies of seeding manipulation have focused on competitions with unrestricted seeding. However, real cup competitions often place restrictions on seedings to e...