Identity has been a major factor in establishing and maintaining traditional forms of dwellings and settlements. Today this connection between people and place has been fragmented because of social, economic and technological forces. An examination of the hill town of Giove in 1987 revealed how twentieth century people can identify with places built long ago. The author's "reading" of Giove and...

the interaction between architecture and culture, defined in human and built-environment relationships, challenges both theoretical and practical fields of architecture. to have an affective confrontation to this challenge, it is more important to re-define both sides of this interaction, culture and architecture. cultural context should represent in architecture. there are some movements in th...

This paper shows how homology modeling works for given protein sequence and how it is implemented in grid environment. Homology modeling involves taking a known sequence with an unknown structure and mapping against a known structure of one or several similar protein. The quality of homology modeling is dependent on the quality of the sequence alignment and template structure. Based on this mod...

In this paper we investigate the tension that exists in many large organizations between the need for division of work among architects and the requirement of developing an integrated set of architectural principles and models spanning all aspects of the organization. Two types of division of work are presented that set different requirements on knowledge integration. Drawing from insights of t...

The conservation of heritage architecture buildings is becoming more popular and significant, as there a growing interest in changing city growth while conserving identity. One strategy for maintaining building’s identity to modify the uses, which we reveal based on prior expert-authored publications. However, five methods are worth elaborating order conduct cultural preservation Indonesia. In ...

The idea of service-orientation has contributed to an increased interest in Enterprise Architecture (EA) within information systems research and business. One central, yet often underestimated factor of service-orientation is the integration of services. This paper discusses the issue of service integration in the context of Extended Enterprises (EE) from an architectural perspective. Following...

Recognizing the link between “Cognition" and "Architectural Creation” indicates that there is a relation between subject and object. Correct understanding of this relationship helps artistic creativity, especially in the architecture, to take steps towards proving truth that have caused works to be continued over the past times. Knowledge and cognitions in architecture are categories that today...