The metabolism of polysaccharides by pea stem segments treated with and without auxin was investigated using a centrifugation technique for removing solution from the free space of the cell wall. Glucose is the predominant sugar in both the ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble fractions of the cell wall solution extracted with water. In the water-soluble, ethanol-insoluble polysaccharides, ara...

Escherichia coli can rapidly switch to the metabolism of l-arabinose and d-xylose in the absence of its preferred carbon source, glucose, in a process called carbon catabolite repression. Transcription of the genes required for l-arabinose and d-xylose consumption is regulated by the sugar-responsive transcription factors, AraC and XylR. E. coli represents a promising candidate for biofuel prod...

The Bacillus subtilis L-arabinose metabolic genes araA, araB and araD, encoding L-arabinose isomerase, L-ribulokinase and L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, respectively, have been cloned previously and the products of araB and araD were shown to be functionally homologous to their Escherichia coli counterparts by complementation experiments. Here we report that araA, araB and araD, whose inac...

Cellulosic biomass is available for the production of biofuel, with saccharification of the cell wall being a key process. We investigated whether alteration of arabinoxylan, a major hemicellulose in monocots, causes an increase in saccharification efficiency. Arabinoxylans have β-1,4-D-xylopyranosyl backbones and 1,3- or 1,4-α-l-arabinofuranosyl residues linked to O-2 and/or O-3 of xylopyranos...

The anatomy of Prunus dulcis was analyzed by applying several differential staining techniques and light microscopy. Prunus dulcis seed has a thin and structurally complex seed coat, with lignified cellulosic tissue. The embryo has two voluminous cotyledons. Cotyledon cells have a high number of protein and lipid bodies, some of which have phytin. The provascular tissue, located in the cotyledo...

In 1928 Miiller (1) reported the presence of a new enzyme, a glucose oxidase, in press-juice of Aspergillus niger. He subsequently suggested that it might be a dehydrogenase (2) ; he later showed that it catalyzed the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid (3). Harrison in 1931 obtained glucose dehydrogenase from acetone-dried mammalian liver by saturating a water extract with ammonium sulfate (...

Chamaenerion angustifolium L. widely known as fireweed, has significant natural resources in Ukraine. It long been used folk medicine a sedative, analgesic, astringent, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antisclerotic, wound healing, and diaphoretic agent. These properties are the result of availability many groups biologically active compounds such flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, as...

Abstract. The multifunctional GH78 glycoside hydrolase from the soft rot ascomycete Xylaria polymorpha (XpoGH78) catalyzed conversion of different lignocellulosic materials to release carbohydrates and biomethanol. disintegrating effect enzymatic lignocellulose treatment can be significantly improved by using kinds hydrolases a phenol oxidase. Thus, rape straw meal XpoGH78 could optimized in pr...

Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer and exporter globally. When crude produced in both plantations processing mills, a large amount of empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) simultaneously as waste product. Here, we describe preparation hydrolysate from OPEFB. After OPEFB was hydrothermally treated at 180–200 °C, resultant liquid phase subjected to high-performance chromatography analysis, whil...

Effects of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) treatment on cellulose crystallinity and cell wall phenolic monomer and monosaccharide composition were measured using cotton and wheat straw (WS). Two WS treatments were used in this study, Type I WS, for which pH is not regulated during AHP treatment, and Type II WS, for which pH is regulated at 11.5 -+ .2 during AHP treatment. Wheat straw had a low...