This paper aims to provide a urban morphological analysis of the transformation of Saudi Arabian cities from the late 18 century onwards through a cartographical urban inventory as its basis. The paper focuses on the cartographical information about the major cities in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula associated with the period between late 18 and early 20 centuries. This study was mainly conducted ...

OBJECTIVE We examined the intake of dietary micronutrients of immigrant Arabian pregnant women in Greece, in order to investigate the possible factors influencing food intake and affecting the overall nutritional profile. METHODS A dietary assessment of 497 immigrant Arabian pregnant women, admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Outpatient Clinic, Tzaneion General Hospital, Pir...

Selective brain cooling is a thermoregulatory effector proposed to conserve body water and, as such, may help artiodactyls cope with aridity. We measured brain and carotid blood temperature, using implanted data loggers, in five Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in the desert of Saudi Arabia. On average, brain temperature was 0.24±0.05°C lower than carotid blood temperature for four oryx in April. S...

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) have been reported at high abundance in much of the global ocean, even in environments, such as pelagic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), where conditions seem unlikely to support aerobic ammonium oxidation. Due to the lack of information on any potential alternative metabolism of AOA, the AOA community composition might be expected to differ between oxic and anoxic e...

We computed high-resolution (1 latitude × 1 longitude) seasonal and annual nitrous oxide (N2O) concentration fields for the Arabian Sea surface layer using a database containing more than 2400 values measured between December 1977 and July 1997. N2O concentrations are highest during the southwest (SW) monsoon along the southern Indian continental shelf. Annual emissions range from 0.33 to 0.70 ...

The Red Sea has had a profound biogeographic effect on organisms with Afro-Asian distributions, resulting in complex patterns of admixture on the Arabian Peninsula. We investigate the phylogenetic affinities of a monitor lizard (Varanus yemenensis) restricted to the southwestern Arabian Peninsula by sequencing all African monitor species and several Asian monitor species for the mitochondrial g...

Human onchocerciasis is a public health problem and an obstacle to socioeconomic development in endemic countries of Africa, Arabian Peninsula and South America (WHO, 1995). The community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) is the main strategy adopted by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis control (APOC). Severe adverse events with encephalopathy (SAEs) have been associated with mas...

Abbreviations: AGU: Arabian Gulf University; CMMS: College of Medicine and Medical Sciences; HS: High Secondary School; HSS: High Secondary School Science; AGU-MCAT: Arabian Gulf University Medical College Admission Test; AGUT: AGU-MCAT Total Scores; AGUE: AGU-MCAT English Test; AGUS: AGU-MCAT Science Test; AGUI: AGU-MCAT Interview; Year1 AGPA: Year1 Average Grade Point Average; Phase1: Year 1 ...

The word monsoon is derived from an Arabian word referring to season: it was the term used by sailors to describe the seasonal reversal of the winds over the Arabian Sea. It is now applied to low latitude regions that experience pronounced changes in the low-level circulation and precipitation regimes that result from the seasonal cycle of heating associated with the reversal of the temperature...

The ant genus Carebara of the Arabian Peninsula is revised. Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011 is synonymized under Carebara arabica Collingwood & van Harten, 2001. Carebara arabica is redescribed and a Neotype is fixed based on a specimen collected from southwestern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A new species, C. fayrouzae sp. n. is described from Saudi Arabia based on queens, major and mi...