Purpose:Mechanisms mediating androgen receptor (AR) reactivation in prostate cancer that progresses after castration (castration-resistant prostate cancer; CRPC) and subsequent treatment with abiraterone (CYP17A1 inhibitor that further suppresses androgen synthesis) remain unclear. Experimental Design: Prostate cancer xenografts were examined to identify mechanism of progression after castratio...

allergic rhinitis (ar) is an ige-mediated upper airway disease, and its impact on asthma has been widely recognized. protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (ptpn22) gene and the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (ctla-4) gene polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with several immune-related diseases. here we investigated the reffect of these two genes’ polymorphisms ...

The researchers in this study aimed to demonstrate how impossible it could be for a language teacher to take fixed, systematic routes of action in recent Action Research designs.  This was instantiated in an L2 (here, English) 'essay writing' course among some Persian speaker university students majoring in Hygiene Sciences (Family and Environment). Evidences regarding individualistic progress ...

AIM To examine the physiological role of the androgen receptor (AR) in the PC-3 cell line by transfecting full-length functional AR cDNA driven by its natural human AR promoter. METHODS We generated an AR-expressing PC-3(AR)9 stable clone that expresses AR under the control of the natural human AR promoter and compared its proliferation to that of the PC-3(AR)2 (stable clone that expresses AR...

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in prostate cancer (PCa). Two isoforms of AR, are AR-A and -B, which differ by a lack of the first 187 amino acids in the NH2-terminal transactivation domain of AR-A. Since little is known about the expression and basic function of the AR-A/B isoforms in prostate cancer, the aim of this study was to anal...

BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) often coexists with and can significantly worsen bronchial asthma (BA). We evaluated the proportion of patients with BA and concomitant AR (BA+AR) diagnosed and treated in an average clinical practice. METHODS A cross-sectional study methodology was used to determine the prevalence of AR in patients more than 15 years of age with a documented history of asthm...