Depending on the arousal state, neuronal networks display discrete activity patterns that profoundly affect information processing in the brain. In this issue of Neuron, Kurotani et al. report bidirectional modification of inhibition by oscillatory patterns in the neocortex; a mechanism likely to control the impact of these neurons in a state-dependent fashion.

In summing up, I have explored briefly some notions on the elements of nursing through the theme of partnership with the public and with others involved in health care. These notions, which are by no means exclusive, have centred around five main areas; Firstly, the unique personal characteristics demanded by the closeness of sustained contact with patients and clients; Secondly, the primacy of...

I GRl!E1" YOU, Fellows of the American College of SUI'gl:Ons, from what l believe is a unique position for a president of the College. I do not use unique jn me comparative sense in which it is often em',ployed. I mean really one of a kind. So far as I can determine, I am the only surgeon ever chosen for this high office who had retked from pr.tctice. That :should permit me to survey the surgic...

Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in graph asymmetry and many of its novel applications ranging from graph compression to discovery of graph dynamics (e.g., age of a node). It has been known for some time that Erdős-Rényi graphs are asymmetric with high probability, but it is also known that real world graphs (web, biological networks) have a significant amount of symmetry. So the...

In the United States, when the cost-containment paradigm shifted from regulation to competition, all-payer hospital ratesetting went out of favor. After reviewing the published literature and supplementing the existing literature with more current information, the author concludes that all-payer ratesetting is able to meet its multiple objectives of cost containment, reduction of the amount of ...

in 1997, fang proposed the concept of boundedness of $l$-fuzzy setsin $l$-topological vector spaces. since then, this concept has beenwidely accepted and adopted in the literature. in this paper,several characterizations of bounded $l$-fuzzy sets in$l$-topological vector spaces are obtained and some properties ofbounded $l$-fuzzy sets are investigated.

background thalassemia is among the most common hematological diseases, but it has no definitive cure. the self-concept in adolescents with thalassemia major changes due to changes in their facial form. among the factors affecting the patient’s self-concept is social capital. objectives the study aims to examine the relationship between social capital and self-concept in adolescents with thalas...

By using an efficient partial order and concept of gH-differentiability oninterval-valued functions, we investigate some new variants of Gronwall typeinequalities on time scales, which provide explicit bounds on unknownfunctions. Our results not only unify and extend some continuousinequalities, but also in discrete case, all are new.