Idiographic methods focus on time-dependent variation within a single individual (intra-subject variability) in contrast to group-level relationships (inter-subject variability) that may yield different results. Equivalent results occur only if two, probably unrealistic, conditions specified by Ergodic Theorems are met: (1) Each trajectory follows the same dynamic laws, and (2) Each trajectory ...

Education, also the technical one, is supposed to prepare students for adult life, not only by providing them with ready-made knowledge, but first of all by equipping students with an ability to learn, gather and select information. Active methods influence students’ senses, allowing for a better understanding and remembering the subject matter. The study shows some didactic methods used in tec...

We propose a novel Co-Training method for statistical parsing. The algorithm takes as input a small corpus (9695 sentences) annotated with parse trees, a dictionary of possible lexicalized structures for each word in the training set and a large pool of unlabeled text. The algorithm iteratively labels the entire data set with parse trees. Using empirical results based on parsing the Wall Street...

One of the challenges in analyzing the strategies in contract bridge stems from the fact that it is a Bayesian game with a very large type space, and that players’ action sets depend on their type. This results in a the strategy space being of a size where brute force methods of analysis are not practical. We present a general approach to simplifying this strategy space through the use of equiv...

The area of argumentation theory is an increasingly important area of artificial intelligence and mechanisms that are able to automatically detect the argument structure provide a novel area of research. This paper considers the use of kernel methods for argumentation detection and classification. It shows that a classification accuracy of 65%, can be attained using Natural Language Processing ...

A common paradigm in machine translation is analysis, transfer, and synthesis. In French-to-English translation, for example, a French sentence is analyzed into an intermediate structure in which various ambiguities present in the surface form have been resolved. This structure is then transferred to a similar English structure. Finally, an English sentence is synthesized from the intermediate ...

Introduction A special monoid is a monoid presented by generators and defining relations of the form w = e, where w is a non-empty word on generators and e is the empty word. Groups are special monoids. But there exist special monoids that are not groups. Special monoids have been extensively studied by Adjanfl] and Makanin[7] (see also [2]). The present paper is a sequel to [11]. In [11], we s...