Among extrahepatic tissues the adrenal gland has one of the highest concentrations of apoE mRNA and the highest rate of apoE synthesis. In the present investigation several previously described in vivo treatments were used to assess the relationship between apoE expression and cellular cholesterol in the rat adrenal gland. Treatment of rats with 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (4-APP) to lower...

Two distal downstream enhancers controlling astrocyte expression of the human apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene in the brain were identified by analysis of transgenic mice generated with various constructs of the apoE/C-I/C-IV/C-II gene cluster. In wild-type mice, the highest overall levels of apoE mRNA were found in astrocytes in the glomerular layer of olfactory bulbs and in Bergmann glia in the c...

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) from rat liver membranes binds apoprotein E (apoE)-enriched rabbit beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL) in a ligand blotting assay on nitrocellulose membranes. Binding was markedly activated when the beta-VLDL was preincubated with recombinant human apoE-3, native human apoE-3 or E-4, or native rabbit apoE. Human apo...

OBJECTIVE We investigated atheroprotective properties of apolipoprotein (apo) E beyond its ability to lower plasma cholesterol. We hypothesized that apoE reduces atherosclerosis by decreasing lipid accumulation in circulating monocytes and the inflammatory state of monocytes and the vascular endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed mice with spontaneous hyperlipidemia with and without pl...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether the deficiency of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (Npc1l1) prevents atherosclerosis in apoE null mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Npc1l1(-/-)/apoE null-/- mice were generated and found to have a significant reduction in cholesterol absorption (-77%) compared with wild-type or apoE-/- mice. Npc1l1/apoE-/- mice were fed a chow or Western diet for 2...

Previous studies have shown apolipoprotein E (apoE) recruitment to medial layers of carotid arteries after vascular injury in vivo and apoE activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells in vitro. This investigation explored the relationship between medial apoE recruitment and iNOS activation in protection against neointimal hyperplasia. ApoE was present in both neo...

Apolipoprotein(apo) E deficiency is an inherited disease characterized by type III hyperlipoproteinemia and less than 1% normal plasma apoE concentration. The role of apoE in LDL metabolism was investigated by quantitating the metabolism of radiolabeled normal and apoE-deficient LDL in both normal and apoE-deficient subjects. ApoE deficiency resulted in an accumulation of plasma IDL, and a decr...

Objective: Our objective was to delineate the role of Ccr6 in atherogenesis in the apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE / ) mouse model of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Both Ccr6 and Ccl20 are expressed in atherosclerotic aorta from ApoE / mice. Aortic lesion area in Ccr6 / ApoE / mice was 40% and 30% smaller than in Ccr6 / ApoE / mice at 16 and 24 weeks of age, respectively. Transplantatio...

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression was studied in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells that differentiate in response to retinoic acid into cells resembling either parietal endoderm or visceral endoderm of the parietal or visceral yolk sac. F9 cells secreted newly synthesized apoE when incubated with radiolabeled amino acid. Upon differentiation to parietal endoderm-like cells, apoE synthesis and secre...

OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of death in relation to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and to evaluate how APOE genotype interacts with dementia and with other major medical conditions to affect survival. DESIGN A 6-year prospective cohort study of dementia, APOE genotype and survival. SETTING Health maintenance organization in southern California. PARTICIPANTS One thousand eight hundred ...