The two aspects of a scanning tunneling microscopy tip, the macroscopic profile and the nanoscale apex, can be tailored by controlling the tension during electrochemical etching and the solution-electrode contact area via acetone vapor. The apex diameter is shown to be proportional to the square root of the tension, and is demonstrated over apex diameters of 150-500 nm. The apex was found to be...

AIM To anatomically locate the points of minimum corneal thickness and central corneal thickness (pupil center) in relation to the corneal apex. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional study, 299 healthy volunteers. Thickness at the corneal apex (AT), minimum corneal thickness (MT) and corneal thickness at the pupil center (PT) were determined using the pentacam. Distances from the corneal ape...

Tumor-forming endothelial cells have highly elevated levels of Nox-4 that release H2O2 into the nucleus, which is generally not compatible with cell survival. We sought to identify compensatory mechanisms that enable tumor-forming endothelial cells to survive and proliferate under these conditions. Ape-1/ref-1 (Apex-1) is a multifunctional protein that promotes DNA binding of redox-sensitive tr...

Cotton fibers arise through highly anisotropic expansion of a single seed epidermal cell. We obtained evidence that apical cell wall synthesis occurs through examining the tips of young elongating Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb) fibers. We characterized two tip types in Gh fiber (hemisphere and tapered), each with distinct apical diameter, central vacuole location, and distributi...

Filtered bipolar catheter electodes, I mm apart, were used to pace and record from the high right atrium, right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular inflow tract, middle cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, and endocardium of the left ventricular septal surface. Right ventricular apex to middle cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein to right ventricular apex condu...

BACKGROUND Obtaining a correct working length is critical to the success of endodontic therapy. Different methods have been used to identify this crucial measurement. The Aim of this clinical study was to compare the effect of working length determination using apex locator alone or in combination with working length radiograph on the apical extent of root canal filling. METHODS A total numbe...

Recent efforts toward HIV vaccine development include the design of immunogens that can engage B cell receptors with the potential to affinity mature into broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). V2-apex bnAbs, which bind a protein-glycan region on HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, are among the most broad and potent described. We show here that a rare "glycan hole" at the V2 apex is enri...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to explore the clinical efficacy of apex radicis dentis excision guided by a template made by Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM). METHODS Base on the CBCT image of oral cavity, a three-dimensional model of patient's oral cavity was built. Then the access way and excisional area were defined based on the model. Finally, the operative gu...

Aim: The sixth generation apex locators served as an efficient diagnostic tool for detecting root perforations as these are based on the principle of impedance rather than the conventional gradient method. However, their diagnostic accuracy not evaluated well. In the existing study, we assessed and compared the efficacy of two apex locators for diagnostic perspective. Materials and Methods: A t...