normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 background : many patients using warfarin may be at risk of international normalized ratio fluctuations. this may cause severe massive gastrointestinal or cerebral bleeding. subclinical hypothyroidism in our population is highly prevalent (range from 3.1% to 8.4% for males and females respectively). overt hypothyroidism di...

BACKGROUND Hyperthyroidism has been linked with different morbidities, like atrial fibrillation, stroke and diabetes mellitus. However, our knowledge regarding the extent and temporal relation between hyperthyroidism and other diseases is fragmented. Here, we aimed at evaluating various morbidities before and after the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. METHODS Observational cohort study. From nat...

OBJECTIVE To compare bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN) analyzed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in premenopausal women with hyperthyroidism and in healthy premenopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHOD Cross-sectional study included 49 premenopausal women with hyperthyroidism and 49 healthy premenopausal women. Age, weight and bo...

INTRODUCTION Poorly treated or untreated maternal overt hyperthyroidism may affect pregnancy outcome. Fetal and neonatal hypo- or hyper-thyroidism and neonatal central hypothyroidism may complicate health issues during intrauterine and neonatal periods. AIM To review articles related to appropriate management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and lactation. METHODS A literature review was...

OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with a prevalence of 6-7%. Self-care behaviors play a major role in the control of diabetes. Apathy is characterized by loss of initiative and motivation. Apathy may interfere with self-care behavior and glycemic control. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of apathy in patients with diabetes. The secondary objective...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to establish the validity and reliability of the apathy inventory (IA), a rating scale for global assessment of apathy and separate assessment of emotional blunting, lack of initiative, and lack of interest. METHOD Information for the IA can be obtained from the patient or from a caregiver. We evaluated 115 subjects using the IA, consisting of 19 healthy elde...

This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism has multiple and often dramatic clinical manifestations because thyroid hormones control the basal metabolic rate, affect cardiovascular function by increasing the sensitivity of beta-receptors to catecholamines, and profoundly influence growth, sexual maturation, and n...

Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy are of outmost importance, because hyperthyroidism has major adverse impact on both mother and fetus. Since data on the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is rapidly evolving, two guidelines have been developed by the American Thyroid Association and the Endocrine society in the last 2 years. We compare here...

Thyrotoxicosis is a common disorder, especially in women. The most frequent cause is Graves' disease (autoimmune hyperthyroidism). Other important causes include toxic nodular hyperthyroidism, due to the presence of one or more autonomously functioning thyroid nodules, and thyroiditis caused by inflammation, which results in release of stored hormones. Antithyroid drugs are the usual initial tr...

Hyperthyroidism is recognized as the most common endocrinopathy of older cats. Despite worldwide occurrence, the pathogenesis of feline hyperthyroidism remains unclear. Traditional methods of managing feline hyperthyroidism include thyroidectomy, anti-thyroid medications, and radioactive iodine. Recent studies document that another option now exists for hyperthyroid cats; feeding a limitediodin...