Fourteen cases of gynecomastia occurring during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been reported in the literature. To date, no specific therapeutic approach has been proposed, and gynecomastia has usually persisted. We report 4 new cases of HAART-induced gynecomastia that were successfully treated with percutaneous dihydrotestosterone gel.

The efficacy of antiretroviral therapy to prevent motherto-child HIV transmission (MTCT) was first established in 1994. In that study by Connor and colleagues (PACTG 076) both mother and infant were treated with long courses of zidovudine, which reduced HIV transmission from 25 to 8% [1]. Since then, improved interventions in industrialized nations have further reduced MTCT rates to less than 2...

In 1997, Taiwan made highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) available without cost to HIV-infected persons; in 2001, a national web-based surveillance system was implemented. Healthcare workers use the system to monitor patients' conditions and can intervene when necessary. Free HAART, coupled with the surveillance system, appears to have increased survival rates of HIV-infected persons w...

The Berlin patient is the first publicly known case of HIV remission as a result of HIV treatment. The perils of interrupting treatment after it has been initiated are discussed, and case studies of volunteers who have discontinued treatment are described. The case of the Berlin patient has sparked discussion of new treatment strategies that may involve highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAA...

BACKGROUND Achieving optimal adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is necessary to attain viral suppression and hence optimal clinical outcome. Interruptions in antiretroviral therapy medication often occur, but a substantial proportion restart treatment. Long-term care engagement practices and clinical outcomes have not been described among cohorts of individuals on HAART i...

We report the data from a long-term study of 31 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children who were treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. A high proportion of the children had undetectable HIV-1 RNA levels. CD4+ T cell counts recovered and remained stable. Adverse events were observed frequently but were mostly mild.

Many HIV-positive pregnant women and infants are still not receiving optimal services, preventing the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and improving maternal child health overall. A Rapid Results Initiative (RRI) approach was utilized to address key challenges in delivery of prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) services including highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) uptake ...