BACKGROUND Infections in cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding are a common event causing severe complication and mortality. This study aimed to identify risk factors that may predict rebleeding, bacterial infections, and the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on mortality at different stages of cirrhosis following acute peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). METHODS A hospital-based re...

Individual renal units should have a protocol for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion which provides suitable cover for the bacteria isolated in that unit. All PD units should document antibiotic prophylaxis and the type of antibiotic administered in addition to data on all PD-related problems including exit site infections, tunnel infections, peritonitis...

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to assess whether patients receive their antibiotic prophylaxis as prescribed. We also investigated what doses and durations of antibiotics are typically ordered, which patients actually receive antibiotics and factors causing the ordered antibiotic regimen to be altered. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 205 patient charts and sent a nationa...

BACKGROUND Pelvic inflammatory disease with progression to pelvic abscess is a rare complication after oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization cycles. However, in patients with endometriosis the risk appears to be increased. Many authors agree on the need for antibiotic prophylaxis during the oocyte retrieval in these patients, but there is no consensus regarding the best antibiotic. C...

In the face of increasing incidence of multi-drug resistant implant infections, local antibiotic modalities are receiving increased attention for both infection prophylaxis and treatment. Local antibiotic therapy that achieves very high antibiotic drug concentrations at the site of the implant may represent an avenue for treatment of biofilm-forming bacterial pathogens. Randomized controlled tr...

BACKGROUND Postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication after spine surgery. Reduction of SSI has many benefits including, but not limited to, the reduced length of stay, readmission rates, and morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine whether an enhanced antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the rate of surgical site infections in spine surgery. METHODS This is a ret...

Dear Editor, I read with great interest your comments regarding the recent guidelines provided by the American Heart Association for the prevention of infective endocarditis. In this statement, experts representing the American Heart Association extensively analysed the literature on procedure-related bacteraemia and infective endocarditis, results of prophylactic studies in animals, and retros...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cumulative exposure to bacteraemia from dental procedures currently recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis and compare this with cumulative exposure from dental procedures not recommended for prophylaxis. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING University and teaching hospital maxillofacial and dental department. PATIENTS 136 children with severe congenital cardia...

BACKGROUND The appropriate use of antibiotics prophylaxis in the prevention and reduction in the incidence of surgical site infection is widespread. This study evaluates the appropriateness of the prescription of antibiotics prophylaxis prior to surgery amongst hospitalized patients in the geographic area of Avellino, Caserta, and Naples (Italy) and the factors associated with a poor adherence....

BACKGROUND Postexposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax requires prolonged antibiotic therapy or antibiotics and vaccination. The duration of treatment for established anthrax is controversial, because retained spores may germinate and cause disease after antibiotics are discontinued. Using rhesus macaques, we determined whether a short course of antibiotic treatment, as opposed to prophyla...