background and aims: lamivudine is amongst the antiviral for drug chronic hepatitis b treatment. during therapy with lamivudine, variants may emerge with ymdd mutation in the reverse transcriptase (rt) region of polymerase gene. this mutation might have a role in drug resistant for hbv. materials and methods: hbv dna extraction from serum sample of 88 patients, were subjected to nested pcr for ...

conclusions the rate of imlsb in s. aureus isolates is relatively high in the northwest iran. since isolates with inducible resistance may mutate and change to constitutive resistance, to prevent clinical treatment failure, d-test should be performed along with routine antibiotic susceptibility tests. in this study, ermc gene was the predominant genetic determinant for the expression of mlsb re...

background: staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) is a major nosocomial pathogen and the infection with this organism in human is increasing due to the spread of antibiotic resistant strains. one of the resistance mechanisms of s. aureus comprises modification in binding proteins to penicillin. vaccine strategy may be useful in controlling the infections induced by this organism. this study aimed a...

the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of escherichia coli has complicated treatment decision and may lead to treatment failures. from april to november 2001 we prospectively evaluated the prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt), gentamicin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin in 220 escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections i...

results the isolates were completely resistant to the tested antibiotics, with minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values for ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin between 256 to > 256 μg/ml, 8 to > 256 μg/ml, and 64 to > 256 μg/ml, respectively. the r. dentatus extract had a broad spectrum activity against all tested isolates and maximum growth inhibition against isolates from burn wound an...

conclusions thirty-three bacterial strains; 10 strains of e. coli, 10 strains of s. flexneri, 3 strains s. sonnei, 2 strains of s. serovar newport, and 7 strains of p. aeruginosa, were isolated and identified from nile water and ground water in sohag governorate. the prevalence of enteric bacteria in water sources in studying area was considerable. no clear or distinct correlation could be conc...

objective: to determine the efficacy of ovarian drilling in pco patients who failed to achieve pregnancy with medical treatment. methods and main results: 75 patients with a diagnosis of pco of whom 48(64%) were primary infertile and 27(36%) were secondary infertile were clomiphene resistant. the other methods like bromocriptin, gonadotropins, gnrh -a and metformin had been given to these patie...

b a ckground: s taphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) has remained always an important pathogen of common infections acquired in community and as  well as serious nosocomial infections. with advent of penicillins and cephalosporins, infections could be effectively treated, but with the global emergence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains (mrsa) physicians were  again left  with li...

b a ckground: the brown-banded cockroach, supella longipalpa is known as a carrier of pathogenic bacteria in urban environments, but its role is not well documented regarding the carriage of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacte- ria in iran. the aim of this study was to determine the resistance bacteria isolated from the brown-banded cockroach in ahvaz, south west of iran. m e t hods: totally ...

background and objectives : due to the extensive use of antibiotics, the spread of drug-resistant bacteria is one of the most worrisome threats to public health. one strategy that can be used to overcome potential shortcomings might be the inactivation of these organisms by photodynamic therapy. in this study, we have investigated whether drug-resistant wound-associated organisms (staphylococcu...