Legionella pneumophila is a ubiquitous fresh-water bacterium which reproduces within its erstwhile predators, environmental amoeba, by subverting the normal pathway of phagocytosis and degradation. The molecular mechanisms which confer resistance to amoeba are apparently conserved and also allow replication within macrophages. Thus, L. pneumophila can act as an 'accidental' human pathogen and c...

Five phenolic compounds, p-hydroxyacetophenone, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, naringenin, quercetin, and iso-americanol A, were found first time in the barley tea, together with the known compounds, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The anti-oxidative properties were evaluated by measuring their peroxynitrite-scavenging activit...

Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. In the biofilm state, bacteria are significantly more resistant to external assault, including attack by antibiotics. In their native environment, bacterial biofilms underpin costly biofouling that wreaks havoc on shipping, utilities, and offshore industry. Within...

The anti-acetylcholine potency of a number of anti-Parkinsonism drugs and related phenothiazine compounds was determined using the isolated guinea-pig ileum. The antagonism was assessed by the difference between the pA(2) and pA(10) values and by log concentration-response curves for acetylcholine in presence and absence of the antagonists. All compounds except chlorpromazine showed some eviden...

Introduction: Shallot is a plant which belongs to Alium and Albale family , this is a native plant from Iran which is self – grown in high Zones. By regard to further use of medicine and plant’s product , use of herbal plants has on important nole in medical treatment and preventi of diseale. The purpose of this study is the photo chemistry properties and anti – bacterial effects of this plant....

As a result of the continuous evolution of microbial pathogens towards antibiotic-resistance, there have been demands for the development of new and effective antimicrobial compounds. Since the 1960s, the scientific literature has accumulated many publications about novel pharmaceutical compounds produced by a diverse range of marine bacteria. Indeed, marine micro-organisms continue to be a pro...

Superconductivity, which is a quantum state induced by spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking, frequently emerges in low-dimensional materials. Hence, low dimensionality has long been considered as necessary to achieve high superconducting transition temperatures (TC). The recently discovered post-perovskite (ppv) MgSiO3, which constitutes the Earth's lowermost mantle (D" layer), has attracted sig...