Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive, well-tolerated, anticonvulsant plant cannabinoid, although its mechanism(s) of seizure suppression remains unknown. Here, we investigate the effect of CBD and the structurally similar cannabinoid, cannabigerol (CBG), on voltage-gated Na(+) (NaV) channels, a common anti-epileptic drug target. CBG's anticonvulsant potential was also assessed in vivo. CBD e...

This report describes a rare case presenting with dystonic seizures due to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis. The patient was an 18-year-old woman with repeated right-dominant dystonic seizures even under sedation. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed intense hyperperfusion of the caudate nuclei, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, and insula on the lef...

A review of patients with epilepsy showed that 5.9% had seizures exclusively in sleep (ES) and 4.7% had seizures predominantly but not exclusively in sleep (PS). These groups were compared with a group (W) with seizures mainly in wakefulness. The following significant differences were obtained: 1) generalized convulsions predominated in the ES while partial seizures were more common among PS an...

Whether progesterone (P ) and its metabolite, 5a-pregnan-3a-ol-20-one (3a,5a-THP) have anti-seizure effects through actions in the 4 pontine reticular formation (PRF) was investigated. Concentrations of P and 3a,5a-THP in the PRF were greater in proestrous and 4 hormone-primed rats, that are typically more resistant to seizure-induction, than diestrous and males rats. Ovx, Long-Evans rats with ...

We aimed to review recent prospective and cross-sectional studies regarding the gradual and chronic effects of (cumulative) seizures on cognition. In contrast with the increasing evidence of structural changes in the brain associated with repeated seizures, its functional repercussions remain unclear. Methodological difficulties of cross-sectional and prospective studies are addressed. It appea...

Use of medication with a desired effect on the central nervous system (as with anti-epileptic drugs) in children will undoubtedly cause concern about neurodevelopment. Data are emerging to suggest an effect of anticonvulsants on the developing brain of the unborn child when administered to mothers with epilepsy. This obviously requires detailed evaluation, especially when considering the risks ...

Background and Objective: Epilepsy as a chronic neurological disorder causes inherent seizures and learning and memory failure. Since there is no acceptable control of seizures in some patients with the current recommended drug therapy, new medications with different mechanisms of action are needed. Here, the beneficial effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was evaluated in an experimental m...

Background and Objective: In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), recurrent seizures accompany with cognitive deficit. In some patients, the current medications cannot provide satisfactory control of seizures, therefore new drugs that act through different mechanisms are required. In the present study, the useful effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor was evaluated in experimental model of tempora...

objective several investigations have demonstrated that rosa damascena has an inhibitory effect on the hypothalamus and on pituitary system reactivity in the rat; it has also been shown that the essential oil of rosa damascena has significant antiepileptic effects on pentylentetrazole (ptz) induced seizures in rats. we aimed at assessing the effects of the essential oil of rosa damascena when u...

Preliminary results from animal and clinical studies demonstrate that electrical stimulation of brain structures can reduce seizure frequency in patients with refractory epilepsy. Since most researchers derive stimulation parameters by trial and error, it is unclear what stimulation frequency, amplitude and duration constitutes a set of optimal stimulation parameters for aborting seizure activi...