Skin color is a key quality attribute of fruits and how to improve fruit coloration has long been a major concern. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a natural plant growth regulator, can significantly increase anthocyanin accumulation in fruit skin and therefore effectively improve coloration of many fruits, including apple. However, the molecular mechanism how ALA stimulates anthocyanin accumulatio...

Anthocyanin accumulation is regulated negatively by ethylene signaling and positively by sugar and light signaling. However, the antagonistic interactions underlying these signalings remain to be elucidated fully. We show that ethylene inhibits anthocyanin accumulation induced by sucrose (Suc) and light by suppressing the expression of transcription factors that positively regulate anthocyanin ...

Anthocyanin is the key factor that results in attractive color of sweet cherry fruits. However, information regarding coloration and potential mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis limited. In this study, we found accumulation varied flesh peel, while content increased sharply dark red (DR) stage. Correlations between concentrations RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), constructed with Weighted G...

We examined the effects of different sucrose concentrations (3%, 5%, and 7%) on anthocyanin accumulation plant growth in wild type (WT) transgenic (T2) torenia cultivar “Kauai Rose” overexpressing regulatory transcription factors B-Peru + mPAP1 or RsMYB1. Sucrose increased production both WT plants, with higher plants compared to plants. Higher associated expression biosynthesis genes. reduced ...

Anthocyanins are important health-promoting phytochemicals that are abundant in many fleshy fruits. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is one of the best sources of these compounds. Here, we report on the expression pattern and functional analysis of a SQUAMOSA-class MADS box transcription factor, VmTDR4, associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in bilberry. Levels of VmTDR4 expression were spatial...

Anthocyanin is the crucial pigment for coloration of red chrysanthemum flowers, which synthesizes in cytosol and transported to vacuole stable storage. In general, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a vital role this transport. To date, there no functional GST reported chrysanthemums. Here, total 94 CmGSTs were isolated from genome, with phylogenetic analysis suggesting that 16 members them...

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are the major component of phenolics in apple, but mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis remain unclear. Here, the relationship between the PA biosynthesis and the expression of genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) was investigated in fruit skin of one apple cultivar and three crabapples. Transcript levels of LAR1 and ANR2 ...

Chalcone synthase is a key and often rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin pigments that accumulate in plant organs such as flowers and fruits, but the relationship between CHS expression and the petal coloration level in different cultivars is still unclear. In this study, three typical crabapple cultivars were chosen based on different petal colors and coloration patterns. T...