amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant agent is used as one of the analgesic drugs in different kinds of pain. in the present study the effect of local (subcutaneous) injection of amitriptyline (50 and 100 µg) on the acute and chronic pain using formalin test, was investigated. our data show that local injection of amitriptyline to the paw receiving formalin, causes a decrease in pain in bot...

introduction: diabetic retinopathy (dr) is one of the most serious and most frequent eye diseases in the world and the most common cause of blindness in adults between 20 and 60 years of age. following 15 years of diabetes, about 2% of the diabetic patients are blind and 10% suffer from vision impairment due to dr complications. this paper addresses the automatic detection of microaneurysms (ma...

background. given the influence of systemic blood pressure on pulpal blood flow, anxiolytics prescribed may alter the pulpal blood flow along with the local anesthetic solution containing a vasoconstrictor. this study evaluated the impact of preoperative anxiolytics and vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic agents on pulpal oxygen saturation. methods. thirty anxious young healthy individuals wit...

background:   primary bone lymphoma or non-hodgkin lymphoma of bone is a rare disease. there are only a few case series of stage ie of this condition in medical literature. the aim of this study is to determine the rate of survival   for stage ie after combined modality treatment, the rate of local recurrence, and the results of limb salvage in cases   of local recurrence.     methods:   we col...

local perforator flaps have evolved over the time to provide complete and stable coverage of soft tissue defects. technical advances and experience with the perforator flaps have allowed the harvest of local perforator flaps in a free style manner by offering greater freedom in flap selection. we have proposed a technical modification in the harvest of a perforator flap by relo-cating the perfo...

in this paper, a new stage structured prey-predator model with linear functional response is proposed and studied. the stages for prey have been considered. the proposed mathematical model consists of three nonlinear ordinary differential equations to describe the interaction among juvenile prey, adult prey and predator populations. the model is analyzed by using linear stability analysis to ob...

let $r=oplus_{nin bbb n_0}r_n$ be a noetherian homogeneous ring with local base ring $(r_0,frak{m}_0)$, $m$ and $n$ two finitely generated graded $r$-modules. let $t$ be the least integer such that $h^t_{r_+}(m,n)$ is not minimax. we prove that $h^j_{frak{m}_0r}(h^t_{r_+}(m,n))$ is artinian for $j=0,1$. also, we show that if ${rm cd}(r_{+},m,n)=2$ and $tin bbb n_0$, then $h^t_{frak{m}_0r}(h^2_{...

In this paper, a local approach to the concept of Hudetz $g$-entropy is presented. The introduced concept is stated in terms of Hudetz $g$-entropy. This representation is based on the concept of $g$-ergodic decomposition which is a result of the Choquet's representation Theorem for compact convex metrizable subsets of locally convex spaces.

The Wicked Problem of Forest Policy: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Sustainability in Landscapes. Nikolakis W., and J. L. Innes, editors. 2020. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. x + 400 pp. £64.99 (hardcover). ISBN 978-1-108-47140-4. Sustainable Governance Wildlife Community Based Natural Resource Management. Child, B. 2019. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, xxiv 381 £37.99 (paperback). 978...