One of the most interesting and least understood phenomena of bacterial immunity is organotropism. It concerns such questions as why pneumonia is commonly caused by pneumococci and virtually never by meningococci, when both are frequently carried in the upper respiratory tract; and why the meningococcus causes meningitis while its closest relative, the gonococcus, causes genitourinary disease. ...

ecome more than an academic exercise and a guide to prognosis. kince Gross tied the first patent ductus in 1939 the achievements of surgery have been spectacular and it has become possible to treat many of these conditions. The advent of the eart-lung machine will further extend the scope of surgery. In some cases a complete cure ls Possible or feasible. The ligature of a patent ductus, the clo...

In order to evaluate automated image annotation and object recognition algorithms, ground truth in the form of a set of images correctly annotated with text describing each image is required. In this paper, three image annotation approaches are reviewed: free text annotation, keyword annotation and annotation based on ontologies. The practical aspects of image annotation are then considered. We...

ANNOTATION Ever since the extraordinary observations of Hippocrates gave birth to medical science nearly 2,400 years ago, fever has been universally regarded as a cardinal sign of illness. Yet its cause, like that of several other common signs and symptoms of disease such as malaise, has long remained obscure. Perhaps the frequent occurrence of vomiting in the various enteric fevers prevalent i...

Queen’s University Belfast (fig 1), has had a long association with the Ulster Medical Society and its predecessor. Medical education has been a core activity of Queen’s since its foundation. Indeed, the medical school in Belfast actually predates the University. Medical subjects were taught at the Belfast Academical Institution from 1810 onwards and a medical faculty was established there in 1...

As researchers seek to apply their machine learning algorithms to new problems, corpus annotation is increasingly gaining importance in the NLP community. But since the community currently has no general paradigm, no textbook that covers all the issues (though Wilcock’s book published in Dec 2009 covers some basic ones very well), and no accepted standards, setting up and performing small-, med...