Various types of multiple vacancies (MVs) in graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene are explored by quantum calculations. It is surprising that their relative stabilities highly depend on the width of the GNRs and thus is significantly different from those in graphene. A diagram of various MVs in GNRs is drawn and it is predicated that the hole in both GNRs and graphene can be annihilated. A ...

Nonlinear microscopy has become an important tool for imaging biological samples such as neurons. In two photon fluorescence, a fluorophore absorbs two photons at a low energy state, one of its electrons briefly converts to a higher energy state, and it emits a single excited photon at an energy level higher than that of the absorbed photons. In second harmonic generation (SHG), laser light is ...

We investigate the transfer of orbital angular momentum among multiple beams involved in a coherent Raman interaction. We use a liquid crystal light modulator to shape pump and Stokes beams into optical vortices with various integer values of topological charge, and cross them in a Raman-active crystal to produce multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands. We measure the resultant vortex charges...

This paper examines the effect of X-11 seasonal adjustment on periodic autoregressive processes, using both analytic techniques and simulation. Analytical results show that adjustment reduces (but does not eliminate) periodicity in the coefficients of a stationary PAR(1) process, and it generally moves the coefficients towards unity. A nonstationary periodically integrated process is converted ...

The line density of line defects in terms of a two-component vector order parameter are obtained from the definition of topological charges of line defects. The spatial structure and bifurcation of line defects in three-dimensional space are also studied from the topological properties of the two-component vector order parameter. The branch conditions for generating, annihilating, colliding, sp...

We consider scattering processes involving N gluonic massless states of open superstrings with a certain Regge slope alpha'. At the semiclassical level, the string world-sheet sweeps a disk and N gluons are created or annihilated at the boundary. We present exact expressions for the corresponding amplitudes, valid to all orders in alpha', for the so-called maximally helicity violating configura...

Given a 1-parameter family of 1-forms γ(t) = γ0 + tγ1 + . . .+ t nγn, consider the condition dγ(t) ∧ γ(t) = 0 (of integrability for the annihilated by γ(t) distribution w(t)). We prove that in order that this condition is satisfied for any t it is sufficient that it is satisfied for N = n+3 different values of t (the corresponding implication for N = 2n+1 is obvious). In fact we give a stronger...

We present a novel scheme for quantum manipulation in ultrafast diatomic molecules. A pump mechanism is used to create a coherent superposition of the D + 2 vibrations. A short, intense, control pulse is applied, after a fractional coherence time, to create selective interferences. A 'chessboard' pattern of states can be realised in which the set of even/odd numbered vibrational states can be a...