Seismic shear anisotropy in the lowermost mantle most likely results from elastic shear anisotropy and lattice preferred orientation of its constituent minerals, including perovskite, post-perovskite, and ferropericlase. Measurements of the elastic shear anisotropy of single-crystal (Mg0.9Fe0.1)O up to 69 gigapascals (GPa) show that it increased considerably across the pressure-induced spin tra...

*Correspondence: Yong-Xiang Li, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Research Deposits, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210046, China e-mail: [email protected] Post-depositional compaction is an integral part of sedimentary rock formation and thus has been reasonably deemed as a major culprit for the long-recognized inclination-shallowing prob...

S U M M A R Y It is well established that the Earth’s uppermost mantle is anisotropic, but there are no clear observations of anisotropy in the deeper parts of the mantle. Surface waves are well suited to observe anisotropy since they carry information about both radial and azimuthal anisotropy. Fundamental mode surface waves, for commonly used periods up to 200 s, are sensitive to structure in...

BACKGROUND A key component of evaluating myocardial tissue function is the assessment of myofiber organization and structure. Studies suggest that striated muscle fibers are magnetically anisotropic, which, if measurable in the heart, may provide a tool to assess myocardial microstructure and function. METHODS To determine whether this weak anisotropy is observable and spatially quantifiable ...

With a few exceptions, phase-field simulations of dendritic growth in cubic materials have been modeled using simple expressions for the interfacial energy anisotropy and with strong anisotropy. However, recent experimental results show that the Dendrite Orientation Transition (DOT) observed in Al-Zn alloys by Gonzales and Rappaz [Met. Mat. Trans. A37 (2006) 2797] occurs at weak anisotropy, and...

[1] On the basis of the use of broadband (25–150 s) Rayleigh wave group speeds to estimate the 2y component of azimuthal anisotropy, we present evidence for a stratification of anisotropy in the uppermost mantle at large scales across the Pacific basin. We confirm previous surface wave studies that established that the fast axis directions of azimuthal anisotropy for intermediateand long-period...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion-weighted MR images have enabled measurement of directionality of diffusion (anisotropy) in white matter. To investigate differences in the anisotropy for various types of pathologic findings and the association between the anisotropy of tracts and neurologic dysfunction, we compared the anisotropy of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the corona radi...

We report on the ab-plane polarized reflectance of an untwinned (Bi1.57Pb0.43)Sr2CaCu2O8+δ single crystal over the frequency range from 80 to 32 000 cm (10 meV–4 eV) at temperatures between 10 and 300 K. We find a clear anisotropy in the ab-plane optical conductivity above and below Tc, which is very similar to that formerly published data of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (M.A. Quijada et al., Z. Phys. B 94, 2...

The structural anisotropy and shear rheology of colloidal gels under startup of shear flow are calculated by Brownian Dynamics simulations modified to include particle surface-mediated attractions, which is a model for thermoreversible colloidal gels. Shear-induced structural changes are analyzed in both real and reciprocal space through computation of the pair distribution function and structu...

Geometric models of white matter architecture play an increasing role in neuroscientific applications of diffusion tensor imaging, and the most popular method for building them is fiber tractography. For some analysis tasks, however, a compelling alternative may be found in the first and second derivatives of diffusion anisotropy. We extend to tensor fields the notion from classical computer vi...