Since use of antinociceptive chemical drugs for relief of pain have many side effects, medical plants seem very noticeable today. Previous findings indicate that Foeniculum vulgare (FV) modulates pain in both animal and human. The present work investigated the effects of Hydoalcoholic extract of FV on acute pain in Hot plate and Tail flick models. Albino mice (20-30 gr) were used for this study...

Animal health (AH) defines the outcome of their inspections of livestock holdings as full compliance with the legislation and welfare code (A), compliance with the legislation but not the code (B), non-compliance with legislation but no pain, distress or suffering obvious in the animals (C) or evidence of unnecessary pain or unnecessary distress (D). The aim of the present study was to investig...

BACKGROUND Although numerous animal models for low back pain associated with intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration have been proposed, insufficient data have been provided to make any conclusions regarding pain. Our aim in this study was to determine the reliability of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into the rat spine as an animal model representing human discogenic pain. METHODS...

UNLABELLED The effect of opioids on tumour growth and metastasis has been debated for many years, with recent emphasis on the possibility that they might influence the rate of disease-free survival after tumour resection when used in the perioperative pain management of cancer surgery patients. The literature presents conflicting and inconclusive in vitro and in vivo data about the potential ef...

A number of previous reviews have very eloquently summarized pain models and endpoints in animals. Many of these reviews also discuss how animal models have enhanced our understanding of pain mechanisms and make forward-looking statements as to our proximity to the development of effective mechanism-based treatments. While a number of reports cite failures of animal pain models to predict effic...

Recently, the French National Institute for Agricultural Research appointed an expert committee to review the issue of pain in food-producing farm animals. To minimise pain, the authors developed a '3S' approach accounting for 'Suppress, Substitute and Soothe' by analogy with the '3Rs' approach of 'Reduction, Refinement and Replacement' applied in the context of animal experimentation. Thus, wh...

Background and Objective: Considering the wide side effects of synthetic pain killers, use of herbal drugs in folk medicine as analgesic agents has increased. In the present work, we tried to uncover the pharmacological potential of ethanolic extracts by using various animal models and also to explore the potent antinociceptive effect of the plant Thymus kotschyanus. Materials and Methods: The...