I n 1830 a very important debate on natural history took place in the French Academy of Sciences. As retold in enjoyable detail by T. A. Appel (1), the adversaries were Georges Cuvier and Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. These were pre-Darwinian times—the Origin of Species was published in 1859—so their arguments sound antiquated today, but their reverberations among biological ideas have contin...

INTRODUCTION: A large animal model for composite face transplantation is necessary to better understand the immunologic processes and nerve regeneration. Current porcine models of facial transplantation fail to include all major branches of the facial nerve, and have not demonstrated long-term survival.1,2 A better understanding and detailed evaluation of vascular anatomy and microvascular terr...

A. DEDOUSSI, I. GEORGOPOULOU, A. TSERVENI-GOUSSI AND A. YANNAKOPOULOS Department of Animal Production, Ichthyology, Ecology and Protection of the Environment, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 541 24, Greece Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Avian Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle Univers...

I n 1830 a very important debate on natural history took place in the French Academy of Sciences. As retold in enjoyable detail by T. A. Appel (1), the adversaries were Georges Cuvier and Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. These were pre-Darwinian times—the Origin of Species was published in 1859—so their arguments sound antiquated today, but their reverberations among biological ideas have contin...

Major depressive disorder has recently been characterized by abnormal resting state hyperactivity in anterior midline regions. The neurochemical mechanisms underlying resting state hyperactivity remain unclear. Since animal studies provide an opportunity to investigate subcortical regions and neurochemical mechanisms in more detail, we used a cross-species translational approach comparing a met...

Bacterial biofilm formation is one of the main reasons for a negative treatment outcome and a high recurrence rate for many chronic infections in humans. The optimal way to study both the biofilm forming bacteria and the host response simultaneously is by using discriminative, reliable, and reproducible animal models of the infections. In this review, the advantages of in vivo studies are compa...

Animal models of neurological disorders are critical for determining underlying disease mechanisms and developing new therapeutic modalities. In general, the utility of an animal model for a particular disease is often dependent on how closely the model replicates all or part of the human condition. In Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related parkinsonian disorders there now exists a variety of ani...

Animal models for cancer therapy are invaluable for preclinical testing of potential cancer treatments; however, therapies tested in such models often fail to translate into clinical settings. Therefore, a better preclinical model for cancer treatment testing is needed. Here we demonstrate that an immunodeficient line of pigs can host and support the growth of xenografted human tumors and has t...

Animal welfare has achieved significant global prominence for perhaps three reasons. First, several centuries of scientific research, especially in anatomy, evolutionary biology and animal behaviour, have led to a gradual narrowing of the gap that people perceive between humans and other species; this altered perception has prompted grass-roots attention to animals and their welfare, initially ...

Background: Anatomy is one of the most important and basic medical science courses in the basic sciences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of anatomy in clinical practice from the viewpoint of intern and extern medical students in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Methods: A descriptive study was performed in the...