Abstract Many scholars believe that investment in women’s education not only reduces the gender gap, but also improves and enhances the cultural and educational level of women in the society. Furthermore, economists believe that women’s education has a positive effect on their participation in the labor market. Education is amongst the most important factors which not only benefits the people...

Introduction A value chain is a linked set of activities that take a product from conception through production, delivery, and finally disposal (see Figure 14.1a). While some value chains are simple and straightforward, others can be complex. Many different economic agents can be directly involved in each step of the chain; in addition, inputs used during one stage of production might reenter t...

In most countries, there are systematic age and gender differences in labor market outcomes. Older workers and women often have lower employment rates, and the duration of unemployment increases with age. These patterns may reflect age and gender differences in either labor demand (i.e. discrimination) or labor supply. In this study, we investigate the importance of demand effects by analyzing ...

Countering linear acculturation theories, the adoption of Western European gender customs over time differs across migrant groups. This diversity implies that into support for equality is context dependent. However, little quantitative scholarship has identified what sort contexts strengthen or impede acculturation. article investigates one source context-dependent acculturation: exclusionary c...

Abstract We describe how sexual harassment contributes to sex segregation and pay inequality in the labor market. Combining nationally representative survey data administrative data, we show that both wages vary strongly systematically across workplaces. Women self-report more from colleagues managers male-dominated workplaces where are relatively high, men female-dominated low. These patterns ...

Goldin (2014) offers a narrative in which gender differences home production responsibilities create gaps labor market outcomes. We carry out model-based quantitative assessment of this and find that it can account for significant share occupational choice, wages, hours. Our analysis emphasizes the significance two key elements not highlighted by Goldin: heterogeneity comparative advantage mult...