conclusions the study showed that the costs associated with cardiovascular diseases were not reasonable for many of these patients and their families. this certainly requires more consideration by managers and policy makers in the health care sector and the implementation of effective interventions. results the study findings showed that the total cost of cardiovascular diseases was 13,074,700 ...

flexible ac transmission systems (facts) controllers with its ability to directly control the power flow can offer great opportunities in modern power system, allowing better and safer operation of transmission network. in this paper, in order to find type, size and location of facts devices in a power system a dedicated improved particle swarm optimization (dipso) algorithm is developed for de...

To reduce pertussis disease burden new vaccination strategies are considered in many countries. Since not only health benefits, but also economical aspects play a role when introducing new vaccinations, we estimated medical costs of pertussis in the Netherlands. Besides, we retrospectively performed a cost-utility analysis of the preschool booster introduced in 2001. Our results show that annua...

sustainable economical production of tea depends on the proper use of water and fertilizer. for this purpose, the role of supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on economical production of tea plantations was studied by assessment of yield, production function, water use efficiency, and benefit/cost ratio, and final return in a field experiment at feshalam tea research station in fouma...

introduction: cost estimation is a important tool which assist the managers to plan and to control the economic functions of the organization. the present study aims to identify the cost of a cesarean surgery in one of the first class public hospitals in iran. methodology: reviewing all expenses of the hospital documents in the financial unit, the cost of a cesarean surgery was determined throu...