Abstract We examine the stance of fiscal policy for 32 OECD countries from 1986 to 2023 by comparing each country-year observation signs output gap and change in cyclically adjusted budget balance. find that policies are often pro-cyclical. test possible explanations using comparative statistics observations with pro- counter-cyclical policies. Our evidence suggests rules institutional quality ...

With the help of advanced digital technologies, product managers can use monitored mission cycles to sustain reliability. In this study, a random warranty model and replacement next (RRN) are designed through-life reliability with cycles. The warranty, called two-stage two-dimensional free repair (2DFRW), be carried out during stage. ‘whichever occurs first last’ is used distinguish coverage ra...

Note. This original form of this rebuttal was submitted to Science on 3 March 2017 (limited to 300 words as per Science editorial policy) but rejected on 13 March 2017. Herein, we elaborate on our original Science submission in order to more fully address the issue without the length limitations. This rebuttal is followed by the list of the signatories who supported our original submission.

The environmental sustainability and business benefits of end-of-life products have led to worldwide growth in the remanufacturing market. However, customers are often sceptical about quality durability remanufactured products. To ensure a risk-free customer experience, dealers carry out some upgrading actions on most critical components offer reasonable warranty period at time resale. It is cr...

This paper provides a replacement policy for warranty products with different failure rate from the consumer’s viewpoint. Assume that the product is replaced once within a finite planning horizon, and the failure rate of the second product is lower than the failure rate of the first product. Within warranty period (WP), the failed product is corrected by minimal repair without any cost to the c...