Background & Objective: There is a complicated interaction between leishmaniasis and the host immune cells, and also between the host immune cells. These interactions have fundamental effects on the outcome of the disease. The current study aimed at characterizing the number, distribution, co-localization, and interrelation of 4 types of inflamma...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases and a major public health challenge in iran caused by leishmania spp and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. the number of cl cases has shown an increasing pattern all over the country, including the district of varamin, southeast of tehran, iran. this study aimed to identify the leishmania spp...

the effect of salinity on organic removal and ammonium oxidation in a down-flow hanging sponge reactor was investigated by conducting a long-term continuous experiment over a period of 800 days. the dhs reactor, constructed by connecting three identical units, was fed with artificial wastewater containing 500 mg-n/l of ammonium nitrogen and 1400 mg- cod/l of phenol. salinity of the influent was...

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a self-healing disease, but due to unknown causes, a few cases of CL could get a chronic or non-healing course. These cases of chronic and recurrent leishmaniasis are defined as non-healing. Objectives: Comparison of the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Leishmanin skin test (LST) between non-healing and healed patients of CL. Patients and ...

Background: Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, leishmaniasis is now considered a severe public health problem, particularly in developing countries, such as Iran. Leishmaniasis is among the six most important, parasitic diseases of the world affecting 88 countries in almost every continent. The disease is complex with different clinical presentations such as visceral, cutaneous and mu...

Propofol as an agonist of GABAA receptor has a rewarding and discriminative stimulus effect. However, which subtype of the GABAA receptor is involved in the discriminative stimulus effects of propofol is still not clear. We observed the effects of an agonist or an antagonist of the subtype-selective GABAA receptor on discriminative stimulus effects of propofol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were tra...

Introduction: Knowledge of the distribution of different malocclusions in a geographic location could help orthodontics better know the problems in that region. Moreover, giving awareness about the problem and treatment possibilities can help people. This study aimed to determine types of malocclusion and dental caries in children aged 11 to 14 years in Roudsar, Iran. Materials and Methods: In...