Although berberine alkaloids (BAs) are reported to be with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activities, the interactions among BAs have not been elucidated. In the present study, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was chosen as a model organism, and modified broth microdilution was applied for the determination of the fluorescence absorption values to calculate the ant...

Psychometric research has identified stable traits that predict inter-individual differences in appetitive motivation and approach behavior. Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales have been developed to quantitatively assess these traits. However, neural mechanisms corresponding to the proposed constructs reflected in BIS/BAS are still poorly defined. The ven...

Schizophrenia is associated with motivational deficits that interfere with a wide range of goal directed activities. Despite their clinical importance, our current understanding of these motivational impairments is limited. Furthermore, different types of motivational problems are commonly seen among individuals within the broad diagnosis of schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to e...

BACKGROUND Memory is a reconstruction of the past and is prone to errors. One of the most widely-used paradigms to examine false memory is the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. In this paradigm, participants studied words associatively related to a non-presented critical word. In a subsequent memory test critical words are often falsely recalled and/or recognized. METHOD In the present...

Colesevelam HCl is a bile acid sequestrant (BAS) which has been specifically designed with a unique structure for the purpose of improving tolerability and reducing potential drug interactions compared to older BAS, such as cholestyramine and colestipol. As a class, BAS are known to reduce cholesterol and glucose levels, and to reduce atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) risk as monothe...

Background: Bile acids (BAs) affect cellular membranes Results: BAs stabilize domains in plasma membranes, leading to reorganization of membrane proteins and signaling perturbations Conclusion: BAs affect cell function by modulating the stability of plasma membrane nanodomains Significance: These results suggest mechanisms for regulation of functional membrane domains and non-receptor mediated ...

Since antiquity, artisans have created attened forms, often called \bas-reliefs," which give an exaggerated perception of depth when viewed from a particular vantage point. This paper presents an explanation of this phenomena, showing that the ambiguity in determining the relief of an object is not con ned to bas-relief sculpture but is implicit in the determination of the structure of any obje...

The purpose of this study was to identify personality factor-associated predictors of smartphone addiction predisposition (SAP). Participants were 2,573 men and 2,281 women (n = 4,854) aged 20-49 years (Mean ± SD: 33.47 ± 7.52); participants completed the following questionnaires: the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (K-SAPS) for adults, the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Ac...

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the explicit memory bias in the people with high BAS/BIS sensitivity in the different manipulated mood states.  Methods: By using purposive sampling method, seventy-four participants (undergraduate students) were selected based on z-scores of 480 using the Carver and White’s BAS/BIS scale. They were distributed as: 24 wi...

This study examined the utility of the MMPI-2 to predict Gray’s BIS/BAS dimensions in a sample of 193 Spanish undergraduates. Although the MMPI-2 is composed of numerous scale indices, we focused on the clinical, content, and the Personality Psychopathology-Five (PSY-5) scales. Overall, findings confirmed hypothesized associations between BIS/BAS factors and MMPI-2 indices. BIS scores demonstra...