Anatomical variations of the nerves, muscles, and vessels in the upper limb have been described in many anatomical studies; however, the occurrence of 6 variations in an ipsilateral limb is very rare. These variations occur in the following structures: the pectoralis minimus muscle, the communication between the external jugular vein and cephalic vein, axillary arch, the Struthers ligament, the...

INTRODUCTION The complexities of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, as well as its variations may create technical difficulties during surgery. The significance of these anatomical variations in pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis, which is the commonest disease in the region, is still unclear. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to study the anatomical variations in the osteomeatal c...

PURPOSE The left atrial appendage (LAA) is usually known as a long, tubular, hooked structure derived from the left atrium. However, it varies widely in terms of anatomical shape. In this study, anatomical shape variations of the LAA were investigated and classified in vivo in a large group of patients by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS The...

Background: To identify the anatomical variations in cerebral arterial circle of Willis in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: Computerized tomographic (CT) angiograms of fifty four non-randomly selected patients who presented with hemorrhagic stroke were studied for the anatomical variations in the circle of Willis regarding its completeness, pattern and symmetry. The individual cerebra...

Anatomical variations of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle and tendon unit are frequently reported by anatomists and clinicians. Anatomical muscle variations of the FDS and its tendons may include variations of muscle belly, presence of accessory or duplicate tendons, abnormal tendon connections, and absence of muscle or tendon components. Such variations may or may not have clini...

Discussions at the inaugural meeting of a Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group for Anatomical Sciences highlighted the fact that there exist considerable variations in the legal and ethical frameworks throughout Europe concerning body bequests for anatomical examination. Such differences appear to reflect cultural and religious variations as well as different legal and constitutional framewo...

Although anatomical properties and vessel variations of the celiac trunk are well explored in the literature, there is not so much information on the arterial diameters, and this data is important for surgical procedures and angiographic examinations. The aim of this study was to investigate properties of the celiac trunk in humans by using anatomical dissection. Ninety cadavers were dissected ...