In this special issue on "Fuzzy Expert Systems," six papers cover a wide range of concerns--from theory to applications including: (1) a rule base reorganization, (2) a linear interpolation, (3) a neuro-fuzzy approach to pairwise comparison, (4) properties of reduction, in transitive matrices, (5) a consistency checking procedure, and (6) a context dependency model. We present a brief review of...

The goal of this study was to propose a framework to describe the analogical process in the context of creation. We conducted retrospective interviews with two contemporary artists in their forties using portfolios of their past works so that they could recall their creation processes in detail. We found that the artists often use analogical modification to produce new series of artwork. Analog...

Solving problems often requires seeing new connections between concepts or events that seemed unrelated at first. Innovative solutions of this kind depend on analogical reasoning, a relational reasoning process that involves mapping similarities between concepts. Brain-based evidence has implicated the frontal pole of the brain as important for analogical mapping. Separately, cognitive research...

This study compared the effect of two types of interventions on subsequent student performance with a target synthesis problem. Students either solved two single-concept problems (priming) or compared worked solutions across one of four different analogical reasoning conditions. These four conditions varied according to the type of examples compared (single-concept vs. synthesis) and structural...

We tested whether analogical training could help children learn a key principle of elementary engineering-namely, the use of a diagonal brace to stabilize a structure. The context for this learning was a construction activity at the Chicago Children's Museum, in which children and their families build a model skyscraper together. The results indicate that even a single brief analogical comparis...

This document presents the main research problems addressed during my PhD studies. All these researches are led inside the two teams DBWeb in Télécom ParisTech and LInK (Learning and Integration of Knowledge) in AgroParisTech, both located in Paris, and supervised by Pr. Jean-Louis Dessalles and Pr. Antoine Cornuéjols. My researches focus on learning theory both in the perspective of symbolic m...

Objective
 Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis
 (MS) and occurs at all stages of the disease with
 a significant negative effect on daily life activities,
 vocation, social relationships quality life.
 Analogical reasoning involves identifying common
 relational system between two situations then
 generating further inferences driven by these ...

Research has shown that worked-examples play an important role in learning and problem solving and are crucial to cognitive skill acquisition. We propose to extend previous work on example-based learning systems with regard to the instructional design of the examples themselves. This can be done by drawing on current developments in Cognitive Load Theory. We aim to explore the roles that worked...