today's organizations change their pay structure and pay for performance role increased in pay package. performance pay in every organizational level has been appear. many researches show that in high performance organizations, variable pay has critical role. another variable that is very important in designing compensation strategy is pay dispersion. with using hierarchical linear modelin...

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of internal-service quality on organizational performance of international tourist hotels in Taiwan with employee’s job satisfaction as the mediating variable. The target population in this study consists of employees of the rooms, catering and management departments at the existing 105 Taiwan-based international tourist hotels, selected usi...

To maximize employee performance in today’s increasingly competitive environment, companies must enhance individual creativity through the effective management of organizational network structures and learning cultures. This study is an empirical analysis of how firms should design these structures and improve individual creativity according to employees’ working styles. We propose a research m...

with the development of research on educational psychology and foreign language teaching and learning, one of the most controversial concepts in educational psychology might be the issues related to the students’ achievement goal orientations. regarding the goals that students adopt which might influence their academic success and failure, this study was undertaken to determine whether gender a...

Creativity and innovation drive competitiveness in the 21st century enterprises. Dynamic hyper-intensive competitive markets demand widespread innovations from all employees in most global enterprises. Leaders influence and set the contextual environments under which their employees express creativity. This paper will examine how different leadership models relate with individual creativity. It...