The effect of ambient ammonia, hypoxia and combination of both on survival and the physiological and immunological response of the blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris in relation to molt stage was studied. Shrimp were submitted to 44.0-71.5 mg l1 total ammonia-N corresponding to 2.0 mg l1 unionized ammonia NH3-N and/or to 1.5 mg O2 l1 (4.3 kPa) for 24 hours. Survival was recorded and the molt ...

Adult trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fitted with a dorsal aortic catheter were exposed to 288+/-15 micromol l(-1) (mean +/- S.E.M.) total ammonia for 24h in water at a pH of 8.39+/-0.02, while swimming at a speed equivalent to 0.75 bodylengths s(-1) (BLs(-1)) in a Brett-type tunnel respirometer. The fish were then exposed to stepwise increments in swimming speed (0.25 BLs(-1) every 30 min) until exh...

We have investigated the structure, interaction energy, electronic properties, and IR spectra of the ammonia-water cation (NH(3)H(2)O)(+) using density functional theory (DFT) and high-level ab initio theory. The ammonia-water cation has three minimum-energy structures of (a) H(2)NH(+)...OH(2), (b) H(3)N(+)...OH(2), and (c) H(3)NH(+)...OH. The lowest-energy structure is (a), followed by (c) and...

the reduction capacity of ammonia while present even at ppm level can be demonstrated by the increased encounter probability between ammonia and methylene blue dye (mb+) incorporated in nanomordenite and na-mor zeolites. the rate of reduction methylene blue dye by ammonia on the surface nanomordenite zeolite is faster than na-mordenite (na-mor) zeolite.because nanomordenite zeolite with high si...

The estimation of ammonia in the blood is a difficult matter not. only because ammonia is present in very minute quantities, but also because it is rapidly split off from some labile components of shed blood. The removal of the ammonia by means of an air current is subject to a source of error in as much as the amount of ammonia recovered may vary with the rapid&y of the aeration and the temper...

17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a recalcitrant micropollutant which is found in small amounts in municipal wastewater. But these small amounts still adversely affect for the reproductive function of aquatic organisms. Evidence in the past suggested that full-scale WWTPs equipped with nitrification process enhanced the removal of EE2 in the municipal wastewater. EE2 has been proven to be able to b...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In patients with cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy is often precipitated by dehydration. This study tests the hypothesis that volume expansion in cirrhotic patients increases renal ammonia excretion. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen well compensated cirrhotic patients (mean Pugh score 6.7 (SEM 0.4)) were studied after an overnight fast. One litre of 0.9% saline was administere...

Ammonia is a major environmental factor influencing biomethanation in full-scale anaerobic digesters. In this study, the effect of different ammonia levels on methanogenic pathways and methanogenic community composition of full-scale biogas plants was investigated. Eight full-scale digesters operating under different ammonia levels were sampled, and the residual biogas production was followed i...