Eukaryotes harbour a conserved signalling pathway, called General Amino Acid Control (GAAC) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for overcoming amino acid starvation. Upon starvation, the protein kinase Gcn2, which phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2α, becomes stimulated to trigger GAAC response. Genetic studies suggest that Yih1, is yeast homolog of mammalian IMPACT and binds ...

background: the interaction between serum neuron-specific enolase (nse), biogenic amino-acids and neurobehavioral function with blood lead levels in workers exposed to lead form lead-acid battery manufacturing process was not studied. objective: to evaluate serum nse and biogenic amino-acids (dopamine and serotonin) levels, and neurobehavioral performance among workers exposed to lead from lead...

Influenza virus evolves to escape from immune system antibodies that bind to it. We used free energy calculations with Einstein crystals as reference states to calculate the difference of antibody binding free energy (ΔΔG) induced by amino acid substitution at each position in epitope B of the H3N2 influenza hemagglutinin, the key target for antibody. A substitution with positive ΔΔG value decr...

4-chloromethyl styrene homopolymer and its copolymers with styrene were prepared from their corresponding 4-chloromethyl styrene and styrene monomers at 1:0, 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 mole ratios. these homo- and copolymerswere synthesized by radical polymerization in presence of aibn as initiator and dry toluene as solvent. then, chloromethyl groups were converted into azidomethyl groups on the homo- a...

Sequence variants in recombinant biopharmaceuticals may have a relevant and unpredictable impact on clinical safety and efficacy. Hence, their sensitive analysis is important throughout bioprocess development. The two stage analytical approach presented here provides a quick multi clone comparison of candidate production cell lines as a first stage, followed by an in-depth analysis including id...

Amino acid substitution matrices are central to protein-comparison methods. In most commonly used matrices, the substitution scores take a log-odds form, involving the ratio of "target" to "background" frequencies derived from large, carefully curated sets of protein alignments. However, such matrices often are used to compare protein sequences with amino acid compositions that differ markedly ...

The amino acid sequences responsible for H7 and H23 flagellum serology have been identified by using a genetic approach. The H7-specific domain was located between amino acids 352 and 374 of the H7 flagellin. The sequencing data also demonstrated that the difference between the H7 and H23 flagellins in this region results from a single substitution at amino acid 366 (Ser-->Thr). The common epit...

An apolipoprotein (apo) B-specific monoclonal antibody, MB19, detects a commonly occurring two-allele genetic polymorphism in human apoB (Young, S. G., S. J. Bertics, L. K. Curtiss, D. C. Casal, and J. L. Witztum. 1986. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83: 1101-1105). Antibody MB19 binds to two different allotypes of apoB, MB19(1) and MB19(2), with high and low affinity, respectively. The epitope fo...

Simple models of molecular evolution assume that sequences evolve by a Poisson process in which nucleotide or amino acid substitutions occur as rare independent events. In these models, the expected ratio of the variance to the mean of substitution counts equals 1, and substitution processes with a ratio greater than 1 are called overdispersed. Comparing the genomes of 10 closely related specie...