Phytoseiid mites have been considered the most promising predators for control of pest and small insects. Their use in solanaceous crops biological major mite pests represents an important challenge requires continued research. This study aimed at investigating phytoseiid species their associated phytophagous on eggplant (Solanum melongena), tomato lycopersicum) black nightshade nigrum) Syrian ...

Predation risk is a strong selective force shaping prey morphology, life history and behavior. Anti-predator behaviors may be innate, learned or both but little is known about the transgenerational behavioral effects of maternally experienced predation risk. We examined intraguild predation (IGP) risk-induced maternal effects on offspring anti-predator behavior, including learning, in the preda...

BACKGROUND Social familiarity, which is based on the ability to recognise familiar conspecific individuals following prior association, may affect all major life activities of group-living animals such as foraging, reproduction and anti-predator behaviours. A scarcely experimentally tested explanation why social familiarity is beneficial for group-living animals is provided by limited attention...