OBJECTIVE Our study aims to assess the optic nerve fiber layer thickness in vivo, the function of the innermost retinal layer and whether a correlation exists between morphological and functional parameters in patients affected by Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHODS Seventeen AD patients (mean age 70.37+/-6.1 years, best corrected visual acuity >8/10 with refractive error between +/-3 sf, intra...

BACKGROUND Amblyopia is an acquired defect of vision caused by abnormal visual experience that occurs during childhood. Since early diagnosis is important in preventing further irreparable effects, the aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of amblyopia screening in children. METHODS Data from the amblyopia screening program in the Welfare Department of Bandar Abbas during 2011-2012...

We present a preliminary analysis of the fundamental viability of meta-learning, revisiting the No Free Lunch (NFL) theorem. The analysis shows that given some simple and very basic assumptions, the NFL theorem is of little relevance to research in Machine Learning. We augment the basic NFL framework to illustrate that the notion of an Ultimate Learning Algorithm is well defined. We show that, ...

We identify classes of functions for which a No Free Lunch result does and does not hold, with particular emphasis on the relationship between No Free Lunch and problem description length. We show that a NFL result does not apply to a set of functions when the description length of the functions is sufficiently bounded. We consider sets of functions with non-uniform associated probability distr...

background: amblyopia is considered as one of the most prevalent vision problems in pediatrics age (1-5%). recently, new methods in amblyopia treatment were reported in amblyopia treatment study (ats’).the objective of this study was to recognize amblyopia treatment knowledge of iranian ophthalmologists and optometrists which are responsible for amblyopia treatment in our and other countries. m...

purpose: to determine the screening prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors and strabismus among 7 to 12 year-old primary school children, tehran, iran, in 2013. methods: this population based cross sectional study was performed on randomly selected 2410 students from 40 primary schools. visual acuity was measured using yang vision tester snellen e-optotype. if visual acuity was ≤20/40, the ...

Amblyopia is a visual disorder caused by poorly coordinated binocular input during development. Little is known about the impact of amblyopia on the white matter within the visual system. We studied the properties of six major visual white-matter pathways in a group of adults with amblyopia (n=10) and matched controls (n=10) using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and fiber tractography. While w...

William Dembski (2002) claimed that the NFL-theorems from optimization theory render Darwinian biological evolution impossible. Häggström (2006) argued that the NFL-theorems are not relevant for biological evolution, since the assumptions of the NFL-theorems are not met. Although I agree with Häggström (2006), in this article I argue that the NFL-theorems should be interpreted as dealing with a...

BACKGROUND Despite the frequency of distal fibula fractures in elite athletes and the significant potential impact on the athletes' season and future careers, little data exist characterizing the epidemiology of these injuries or, more importantly, return to competition. PURPOSE To (1) evaluate the incidence of acute distal fibula fractures in National Football League (NFL) athletes, includin...

BACKGROUND At the annual National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine, the medical staff of each NFL franchise performs a comprehensive medical evaluation of all athletes potentially entering the NFL. Currently, little is known regarding the overall epidemiology of injuries identified at the combine and their impact on NFL performance. PURPOSE To determine the epidemiology of injuries iden...