A prominent approach to modelling ambiguity about stock return distribution is assume that investors have multiple priors the and these are distributed according a certain second-order distribution. Realistically, may also distribution, thus allowing for ambiguous ambiguity. Despite long history of debates this idea (Reichenbach, 1949; Savage, 1954), there seems be no formal analysis investment...

Abstract The article proposes an addition to the tunnel parsing algorithm that enables it parse grammars having countable repetitions and configurations of grammar elements generating empty words without refactoring grammar. equivalency trees built by use ambiguous is discussed. class ε-ambiguous defined as a subclass relative these trees. ε-deterministic are then grammars. A technique for line...