metronidazole is used to treat trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and other diseases. there are controversy aspects about its teratogenicity. a teratogenic agent can alter morphology or subsequent function of the fetus. the aim of this study was to examine an alternative method for the recognition of the mechanism or the bimolecular potential changes in mice fetus caused by metronidazole usin...

Obesity is a risk factor for the onset of liver cancer in patients with cirrhosis. To prevent overfeeding and obesity, estimation of energy requirement is important, but energy expenditure in patients with liver cirrhosis has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy intake in patients with cirrhosis and determine adequate energy inta...

Cirrhosis with ascites is associated with impaired renal function accompanied by sodium and water retention. Although it has been suggested thatmediators such as nitric oxide play a role in the development of renal failure in this situation, other mechanisms underlying the process are not well understood. This study examined the role of oxidative stress in mediating renal damage during the deve...

Allison, Fred, Jr. (University Medical Center, Jackson, Miss.), and Martha H. Adcock. Failure of pretreatment with glucocorticoids to modify the phagocytic and bactericidal capacity of human leukocytes for encapsulated type I pneumococcus. J. Bacteriol. 89:1256-1261. 1965.-The influence of glucocorticoid administration for 4 days upon the bactericidal and phagocytic functions of leukocytes reco...

Background: The incidence of malignant melanoma continues to rise worldwide. While ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a risk factor for melanoma, recent reports have shown link between alcohol consumption and incidence. Alcohol metabolized highly carcinogenic acetaldehyde (AcAH) detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Therefore, AcAH accumulates when individuals with low ALDH2 activity take ...

The process of making antibodies is costly and time-consuming. Commercial antibodies offer a convenient solution. However, recent concerns have resulted in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandate to vigorously test the specificity of antibodies used in publications (http://grants.nih.gov/reproducibility). Currently, there is no standard for validation and reference data that must be provi...

The meaning of concessive connectives like although is notoriously difficult to capture, mainly because these connectives do not contribute to the truth conditions of utterances containing them. In this paper, a Relevance Theoretic account of the meaning of although is given. The connective is analysed as encoding procedural meaning, constraining the inferential side of utterance interpretation...