Bio-fuel cells are alternative energy devises based on bio-electrocatalysis of natural substrates by enzymes or microorganisms. Here we review bio-fuel cells and bio-batteries based on the recent literature. In general, the bio-fuel cells are classified based on the type of electron transfer; mediated electron transfer and direct electron transfer or electronic charge transfer (ECT). The ECT of...

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Considering crucial problems that limit use of platinum-based fuel cells, i.e. cost and availability, poisoning by fuel impurities and low selectivity, we propose electrocatalysis by enzymes as a valuable alternative to noble metals. Hydrogenase electrodes in neutral media achieve hydrogen equilibrium potential (providing 100% energy conversion), and display high activity in H(2) electrooxidati...

Fuel cells represent a clean alternative to current technologies for utilizing hydrocarbon fuel resources. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have acquired due importance as they are best suited for applications where a quick start up is required such as in automobiles. The prime requirements of fuel cell membranes are high proton conductivity, low methanol/water permeability, goo...

Satellite refueling can extend the lifetime of satellite constellations. Peer-to-peer satellite refueling in particular has the potential to make the most efficient use of the fuel contained in the constellation by redistributing it as on a need-to basis. In this paper we present an alternative implementation of P2P refueling, namely pairing up fuel sufficient satellites with fuel deficient sat...

We describe work-in-progress prototypes of auditory displays for fuel efficiency driver interfaces (FEDIs). Although research has established that feedback from FEDIs can have a positive impact on driver behaviors associated with fuel economy, the impact of FEDIs on driver distraction has not been established. Visual displays may be problematic for providing this feedback; it is precisely durin...

Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles have long been seen as the answer to the economic and environmental problems created by traditional fossil fuel vehicles. In addition to the ability to reduce carbon emissions and reduce negative environmental externalities, they have the potential to end the current dependence on limited fossil fuel reserves and thus enhance energy security. However, the f...

Among the alternative fuels, hydrogen shows great potential in the near future. In the present study, hydrogen utilization as diesel engine fuel was investigated. Hydrogen can not be used directly in a diesel engine due to its autoignition temperature higher than that of diesel fuel. One alternative method is to use hydrogen in enrichment or induction. To investigate the combustion characterist...

Biodiesel are becoming popular as alternative eco-friendly fuel now days. The petroleum product requirement is going on increasing day by day in India with limited resources in the oil pool. Crisis of petroleum fuel and import of fossil fuel is giving a high impact on the economy and development. Besides the economy and development, fossil fuel also leads to a major problem like global warming ...

homogeneous charge compression ignition (hcci) combustion is a pioneer method of combustion in which pre-mixed fuel and oxidizer (typically air) are compressed to the point of auto-ignition. hcci engines can operate with most alternative fuels, especially, dimethyl ether (dme) which has been tested as a possible diesel fuel due to its simultaneously low nox and pm emissions. in this paper a sin...