alternate of the usurped property is a compensation paid to the owner after unavailability of usurped property. the iranian civil code, following the islamic scholars' famous view, has principally accepted the payment of this compensation but is silent as far as duties and rights of owner and usurper are concerned; hence the judge's obligation to refer to valid verdicts (fatawa) in this regard....

Rates of soil erosion in the dryland cropping region of Saskatchewan are investigated under alternative cropping strategies. Chemical fallow is examined as an alternative to tillage fallow for moisture and soil conservation. Conclusions include: (a) flexible cropping increases net discounted returns and substantially reduces soil erosion compared to the predominant crop rotation; (b) chemical f...

crops every 3 yr) and even continuous (annual) cropping in some instances. For example, annualized grain yields Water is the principle limiting factor in dryland cropping systems. for WCF are 75 to 100% greater than WF (Peterson et Surface soil physical properties influence infiltration and cropping al., 2000). Cropping intensification has been possible systems under no-till management may affe...

Considering the vulnerability of double-layer grid space structures to progressive collapse phenomenon, it is necessary to pay special attention to this phenomenon in the design process. Alternate path method is one of the most appropriate and accepted methods for progressive collapse resistant design of structures. Alternate Path Method permits local failure to occur but provides alternate pat...

Options to tackle the sustainability challenges faced in the production of rice, including global and local environmental perspectives, need to be discussed. Here, the global warming potential, water consumption and cumulative energy demand were analyzed using a life-cycle assessment to highlight the sustainability aspects of rice production in Taiwan, where a mixed organic and conventional ric...

Emerald, north-east Queensland, is at the northern margin of the wheat cropping region of Australia. The Emerald region was previously used predominantly for grazing beef cattle; however, cropping has developed in importance over the past 30 years. We use historical climate records (1890-1998) to simulate and compare wheat yields, grass production and live-weight gain (LWG) over time. The cropp...

Optimizing the productivity and efficiency of cereal–legume intercropping through exploiting differences in nitrogen (N) acquisition two crops is crucial Mediterranean areas. A two-year field study was conducted Central Italy to determine how N fertilization rate affected forage grain production as well a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) bean (Vicia faba L. var minor) intercrop. Crops were grown mon...