Introduction: As NASA's exploration plan for Mars advances with additional missions, the type and abundance of data increase. High-resolution images are revealing numerous wind-related features and suggest widespread distribution of aeolian deposits. These deposits reflect the current and past wind regimes on Mars, but they also obscure some of the bedrock geology. A complementary experiment to...

A freshwater lens underlain by saltwater exists beneath the entire northern Yucatan karst plain, Mexico. Water levels recorded in this plain, during the period June 1987 April, 1989, were used to map the water table, identify inland hydrogeologic boundaries, and estimate the thickness of the freshwater lens using the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. The water table under most of northwestern Yucatan i...

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are now being used in many sectors of industry; however, the impact of ENPs on the environment still requires further study, since their use, recycling, and accidental spill can result in the accumulation of nanoparticles in the atmosphere, soil, and water. Plants are an integral part of ecosystems; hence their interaction with ENPs is inevitable. It is important...

Tinea capitis (TC) is a common dermatophyte infection affecting primarily prepubertal children. The causative pathogens belong to only two genera: Trichophyton and Microsporum. Although there is a great local variation in the epidemiology of TC worldwide, T. tonsurans is currently the most common cause of TC with M. canis second. Even though there is an emerging number of anthropophilic scalp i...

Using natural nests of eight bird species, we provide one of the first multispecies tests for edge effects on reproductive success in a forested landscape. Our primary objective was to assess whether distance to the edge of recent clearcuts was related to nesting success in intact northern hardwood forests. Estimated nest success was generally lower for the two ground-nesting species than for t...

As an effective active remote sensing technology for the exploration of shallow underground targets, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a detection method that can be used to obtain information about characteristics targets by transmitting electromagnetic wave from antenna and analyzing propagation underground. Due frequency (1 MHz–3 GHz) GPRs, depth geological (0.1–30 m). In order penetrate dee...