thor notes that the following sentences were omitted from the end of the first paragraph of the letter: ''Their statements are counter to fact. They mischaracterize the evidence, employ the introduction of irrelevant material, and exemplify flaws in inference, as I will illustrate.'' The corrected letter appears below. LETTER Reply to Blazer et al.: Flawed challenges to ''Acetylcholinesterase i...

PPO-inhibiting herbicides in combination with glyphosate for postemergence applications is a common approach to manage glyphosate- and ALS-inhibitor-resistant weeds. PPO-inhibitors can reduce translocation when applied tank-mixtures, but adjuvants may be used overcome this effect. Additionally, optimal droplet size affected by tank-mixtures of different it crucial herbicide efficacy. Field gree...

Background: Systematically assessing the causal associations between medications and neurodegenerative diseases is significant in identifying disease etiology novel therapies. Here, we investigated putative 23 existing medication categories major (NDs), including Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: A two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach ...

The identification of herbicide families that act through the inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis has resulted in revolutionary progress in agricultural practices. This review describes three herbicide classes which act through this mode-of-action; including glufosinate (also called phosphinothricin, Liberty, Ignite, or Finale) which inhibits ammonia assimilation, glyphosate (Roundup, Tou...

The continued increase in numbers of herbicide-resistant weed species field crops constrains sustainable agricultural practices worldwide. Countries differ markedly yet the extent this reflects global variation intensification is not known. To what does number herbicide resistant weeds reflect differences magnitude direct measures such as agrochemical inputs, indirect per capita GDP, or non-agr...