With today’s Virtual Reality (VR) systems, it is difficult to directly and precisely create and modify objects in a VR environment. This chapter presents an approach for solid modelling in a VR environment. Solid modelling in the VR environment is performed precisely in an intuitive manner through constraint-based manipulations. A hierarchically structured and constraint-based data model is dev...

Networked Control Systems (NCSs) has been recognized as an area where theory is behind the development of technology. The defining feature of NCSs can be considered as the information is exchanged through a network among control system components. So the network induced time delay is inevitable in NCSs. The time delay may degrade the performance of control systems and even destabilize the syste...

We have already introduced many fuzzy concepts to scheduling problem and discussed so called fuzzy scheduling problems. In this paper, we introduce fuzzy allowable time concept newly to two identical machine problem, which is a fuzzy version of M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson. That is, there are two identical machines and fuzzy ready times and deadlines are associated to each job, i.e., membershi...

The usual method for establishing allowable daily intake (ADI) for a chemical involves determining a no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and applying a safety factor. Even though this method has been used for many years, there appear to be no general guidelines or rules for defining a NOEL. The determination of a NOEL is particularly uncertain for lesions which occur naturally in untreated animals....

Risk assessments are used to inform decision-making in hazardous systems. The process involves highly technical steps such as quantifying uncertainty and it is typically carried out by subject matter experts with a robust engineering background. also value-loaded selecting the risk acceptance criteria for evaluating risks. In built environment, support performance-based design of late, these ha...

Toriyeh means concealing real intention of speech using its parallel and common words so that the listener constructs from speaker's speech a meaning what he/she meant. The purpose of this research is studying jurisprudential dimensions of toriyeh in order to clarify its distinction from lying and related jurisprudential commandments by explanation of the most important discussions about toriye...

3D Body Scanning provides access to a greater breadth and depth of anthropometric data for industry applications and scientific research than at any other point in history. However, while the potential of this technology for revolutionising industrial and scientific practices has been established, little exists addressing its appropriateness in terms of reliability within recognised allowable e...