There are two approaches to the determination of maximum permissible concentrations in urine (M.V.C.'s). The first is the direct method of comparing the concentration of toxic substances with the incidence of symptoms of intoxication. The second is the indirect approach of considering the worker as a sampling device and relating the urinary excretion to the atmospheric concentration to which th...

Hybrid systems combining distributed Raman amplification and phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) are investigated in numerical simulations. We focus on the mitigation of fiber nonlinearities and the impact of the span power map which is also important in systems employing optical phase conjugation or phase-conjugated twin waves. We simulate multi-span PSA links with and without distributed Raman ...

Experimental evidences of Raman amplification of ultrashort pulses in microcapillary plasmas are presented. The amplification of 100-500 fs pulses was investigated in microcapillaries with different lengths. The experimental data, together with simulation results, indicate that the resonance condition for Raman amplification in high-density plasma, n(e) approximately 1-3x10(20) cm(-3), existed ...

A new robust multi-degree of freedom (multi-DOF) MEMS gyroscope is presented in this paper. The designed gyroscope has its bandwidth and amplification factor of the sense mode adjusted more easily than the previous reported multi-DOF MEMS gyroscopes. Besides, a novel spring system with very small coupling stiffness is proposed, which helps achieve a narrow bandwidth and a high amplification fac...

The concept of floating submerged tunnels becomes increasingly attractive idea to cross the straits. The structural solution in these bridges includes buoyancy force on tunnel body plus tension in mooring tethers. This paper investigates the effect of submergence on the dynamic response of submerged floating tunnels due to moving load. The inertial effect of the fluid on the submerged structure...