The purpose of this revised statement is to review current information on the use of postnatal glucocorticoids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant and to make updated recommendations regarding their use. High-dose dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg per day) does not seem to confer additional therapeutic benefit over lower doses and is not recommended. Evidence is insuffic...

and the penetrance is highly variable. It has been suggested that a ‘‘second hit’’ is required to precipitate the phenotype and could cause further deregulation of BMPR2/Smad signalling, leading to PAH [9, 10]. Although the significance of gremlin levels in PAH has yet to be determined, in a mutation carrier developing IPF, hypoxia or increased gremlin levels may account for a second insult, le...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a Th2 hypersensitivity lung disease in response to Aspergillus fumigatus that affects asthmatic and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Sensitization to A. fumigatus is common in both atopic asthmatic and CF patients, yet only 1%-2% of asthmatic and 7%-9% of CF patients develop ABPA. ABPA is characterized by wheezing and pulmonary infiltrates which m...

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) was first described by Hinson and colleagues in 1952. ABPA is a hypersensitivity disorder induced by a fungus Aspergillus and affects non-immunocompromised patients. The diagnosis is based on the presence of a combination of clinical, biological and radiological criteria. The treatment is based on oral corticosteroids for 6-8 weeks at acute phase o...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complication of persistent asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), diseases in part characterized by excessive viscous mucus and compromised mucociliary clearance. Inhaled conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus are able to persist and germinate, releasing exoproteases and other fungal products that further compromise clearance, breach the epithelium, and a...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is caused by a hypersensitivity response of type 2 T helper (Th2) lymphocytes to antigens, mostly Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus).1 This abnormal host response to A. fumigatus in a subset of patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (CF) is likely due to genetic susceptibility that predisposes patients to the risk of developing ABPA. This is cha...

Among the molds causing allergy, Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) constituted a major species present both indoors and outdoors. The antigens both secreted and bound to hyphae and conidia have been isolated for immunodiagnosis of allergic aspergillosis. The crude extracts have been used to demonstrate IgE antibody in vitro and for skin testing. The crude extracts contain many antigenic and non-antige...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is primarily a disease of patients with cystic fibrosis or asthma, who typically present with bronchial obstruction, fever, malaise, and expectoration of mucus plugs. We report a case of a young man with a history of asthma who presented with cough, left-sided pleuritic chest pain and was found to have lobar atelectasis and an eosinophilic, empyema...

In susceptible individuals, inhalation of Aspergillus spores can affect the respiratory tract in many ways. These spores get trapped in the viscid sputum of asthmatic subjects which triggers a cascade of inflammatory reactions that can result in Aspergillus-induced asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and allergic Aspergillus sinusitis (AAS). An immunologically mediated disea...

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