Efficient homologous recombination permits the directed introduction of specific mutations into the yeast genome. Here we describe a cloning-free, PCR-based allele replacement method that simplifies allele transfer between yeast strains. The desired allele from one strain is amplified by PCR, along with a selectable/counterselectable marker. After transformation, the resident allele in the targ...

Calpastatin (CAST) is a specific inhibiter of Calpains, playing a role in meat tenderization and myogenesis. In the present study the polymorphism of the CAST gene ofKhalkhali goat in Azerbaijan province in Iran was investigated by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples collected from 200 Kh...

  Tuberculosis is a serious global public health problem and its high prevalence is stron gly associated with the enhancement of drug resistance. In this study we demonstrate a multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS)-PCR assay to simultaneously detect mutations in the first and third bases of the embB gene codon 306 ATG in ethambutol (EMB) resistant isolates of Mycobacterium t...

The CYP2A6 gene, which codes the enzyme, has known to have ahigh polymorphism. This polymorphism could decrease, increase, or eliminate enzyme activity. CYP2A6*4 , an inactive allele, decreased One of enzyme-specific substrates is nicotine. allele decrease nicotine metabolism that causes high levels in blood. In addition, it caused increasing Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) by expan...

Abstract Background and Aims:‎ Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder caused by quantitative or functional defects in von Willebrand factor. The disease is found in up to 1 percent of the population. The most common symptom is mucocutaneous bleeding. Recently, studies conducted on healthy people showed that the H817Q mutation that previously known to cause von Willebrand...

Genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E (APOE) are associated with various health conditions and diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, etc. Hence, genotyping of APOE has broad applications in biomedical research and clinical settings, particularly in the era of precision medicine. The study aimed to develop a convenient and accurate method with flexi...

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is potentially a new source of genes for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement. Wheat-barley chromosome recombinant lines provide a means for introgressing barley genes to wheat genome by chromosome engineering, and since these are expected to occur only rarely in special cytogenetic stocks, an efficient selection skill is necessary to identify them. To convert RF...